(Source: Lostpine — The 27 Grievances Explained)
🔹 1. Original Grievance
“He has made Judges dependent on his Will alone for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries.”
🔹 2. What This Meant to the Colonists
Judges were paid and controlled by the King, making them loyal to him rather than to the people. Colonists believed this destroyed judicial independence.
🔹 3. Historical Context
Judges and governors were paid directly by the Crown, not the colonies. Their salaries came from taxes on colonists, yet they answered only to the King. This led to widespread distrust and the creation of Committees of Correspondence.
🔹 4. Constitutional Response
- Article II, Section 2 — Senate confirms federal judges.
- Judges hold office during “good behavior.”
- State constitutions determine state judge selection. This ensures that judges are not financially or politically controlled by a single person.
🔹 5. Key Vocabulary
- Tenure
- Judiciary
- Committee of Correspondence
🔹 6. Critical Thinking Questions
- Why is it dangerous for judges to depend on a ruler for their salary?
- How does the Constitution protect judicial independence?
- What might happen if judges could be fired for unpopular decisions?
🔹 7. Short Writing Prompt
Describe how Grievance 9 shows the importance of separating judicial power from political influence.
🔹 8. Extension Activity
Research how federal judges are appointed today and compare it to colonial practices.