Category: Shadows (Page 1 of 20)

Imagine walking down a road, feeling hungry, and then spotting a fig tree lush with leaves. Knowing that figs not only taste delicious but also offer a variety of health benefits, your expectations rise. In the Gospel of Matthew, that is one of the stories he tells about Jesus.

(Matthew 21:18-22)¹NIV New International Version Translations – “Early in the morning, as Jesus was on his way back to the city, he was hungry.  Seeing a fig tree by the road, he went up to it but found nothing on it except leaves. Then he said to it, ‘May you never bear fruit again!’ Immediately, the tree withered. When the disciples saw this, they were amazed. ‘How did the fig tree wither so quickly?’ they asked. Jesus replied, ‘Truly, I tell you, if you have faith and do not doubt, not only can you do what was done to the fig tree, but also you can say to this mountain, ‘Go, throw yourself into the sea,’ and it will be done.  If you believe, you will receive whatever you ask for in prayer.’”

In anyone’s spiritual journey, faith and prayer are the bedrock, guiding them through life’s trials and triumphs. Both faith and prayer are the means through which one nurtures a relationship with God Himself, seeking wisdom and strength. “Bearing fruit” is emphasized throughout the Scriptures, where fruitful actions reflect the inner transformation and growth of one’s spirit. Judgment, however, warns of the consequences of a barren faith, a life that fails to manifest in acts of love and service. True faith is mirrored in the reflection of God’s character, as believers aspire to embody the virtues and attributes that reflect God’s Truth. Most importantly, Jesus cautions us against making commitments without the intention or ability to fulfill them. What may seem like a simple parable about a fig tree is about encouraging each of us to lead a life of integrity, purpose, and alignment with God’s Will.

The parable begins with a magnificent tree, full of healthy leaves, easily recognizable as a source of nourishment. There is a problem, however. The tree is misrepresenting its purpose. The fig tree had leaves but no fruit. The tree is empty and is serving no purpose! Proverbs 12:26 notes that the righteous should guide their neighbors correctly, rather than leading them astray.  We are even warned that those with evil intent will use deceit to mislead others about their real intentions. The fig tree, which had leaves but no fruit, symbolized the state of Israel at that time—having the appearance of godliness but lacking true spiritual fruit.  Jesus warns against making empty promises or pretending to be spiritual without true faith and obedience.

This story was meant to serve as a symbolic judgment on spiritual hypocrisy and a call to genuine repentance and fruitfulness. Jesus was passing judgment on Spiritual Fruitlessness. That judgment is just as valid today in our world as it was on that day when Jesus told His story to Matthew and the other disciples. The cursing of the fig tree illustrates the necessity of bearing fruit in one’s life. God expects His people to live out their faith in tangible ways, producing good works that reflect their commitment to Him. How then can you recognize a deceitful fig tree?

Recognizing “fig trees,” or discerning the true character of people, especially those without “fruit,” is a metaphorical concept that can be approached with several tips:

• Observe Actions Over Words: Just as a fig tree is judged by its fruit, evaluate people by their actions rather than their promises or statements. “In the same way, faith by itself, if it is not accompanied by action, is dead” (James 2:17).
• Consistency: Look for consistency in behavior, much like a healthy fig tree consistently produces fruit in season. “Therefore, my dear brothers and sisters, stand firm. Let nothing move you. Always give yourselves fully to the work of the Lord, because you know that your labor in the Lord is not in vain “(1 Corinthians 15:58).
• Growth and Change: Consider whether individuals show signs of personal growth and development, akin to a fig tree’s maturation over time. “Instead, speaking the truth in love, we will grow to become in every respect the mature body of him who is the head, that is, Christ. From him the whole body, joined and held together by every supporting ligament, grows and builds itself up in love, as each part does its work.” (Ephesians 4:15-16).
• Contribution to Others: Reflect on how people contribute to the well-being of others, like how a fruitful tree provides sustenance. “And do not forget to do good and to share with others, for with such sacrifices God is pleased” (Hebrews 13:16).
• Resilience: Notice how individuals demonstrate resilience in facing challenges like a fig tree, enduring varying conditions to bear fruit. Drought, storms, and floods all impact the fig tree. “Consider it pure joy, my brothers and sisters, whenever you face trials of many kinds, because you know that the testing of your faith produces perseverance. Let perseverance finish its work so that you may be mature and complete, not lacking anything” (James 1:4).

The metaphor of the fig tree should encourage us to look beyond superficial appearances and assess the underlying qualities of people that manifest in tangible, positive outcomes in their lives. It’s a call to seek depth, authenticity, and genuine contributions by others to our world. The story of the Fig Tree also reflects God’s character in expecting His people to live up to their potential and the purposes for which they were created. This narrative is a Biblical lesson on expectation and fulfillment. Jesus ends His parable with a reinforcing statement about the “Power of Prayer.” It seems amazing that a law had to be passed in 1952 requiring the president of the United States to set aside a National Day of Prayer. In 2021, President Biden became the first U.S. president not to use the word “God” in his National Day of Prayer Proclamations² https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/biden-omit-god-national-day-of-prayer/. It seems that Jesus is telling us that this is not a very productive line trend we are moving on.

Contemplations

• Does it matter if the people who guide your life do not seek God’s wisdom before acting?
  • Ideas to Explore: Jesus was quite plain; pray and you will have power. What happens if we don’t call on our God? It is an even larger problem for those who mock God.
• How do you use parables (stories) to expand your knowledge of Jesus and God?
  • Ideas to Explore: Do you use them literally? Do you search as we did in this study on the true learnings that come from the stories? Do you use them to explain our God to others?
• How would this parable help us prepare for choosing leaders?
  • Ideas to Explore: Is an attribute you seek in leaders one where they first search for God’s Truth?
• Where do you place yourself in this story?
  • Ideas to Explore: Someone who is on a journey and hungry? The Fig Tree? Those just standing by observing the tree’s death?

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  https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/biden-omit-god-national-day-of-prayer/

There are a few stories in our Bible that are rarely quoted. One is that of the Leviathan. As a caution, it is always best to be careful about using “literal” interpretations. Parts of our Scriptures can be historical, allegorical, metaphorical, or symbolic in how they are to be used. We might begin by understanding who Leviathan is.  Leviathan is a sea monster referenced in the Tanakh or the Old Testament.  Its clearest description comes from the Book of Job 41:1–34. Other references can be found in Job 3:8, Psalm 74:14, Psalm 104:26, and Isaiah 27:1. The Bible describes this creature as a sea monster that is massive in size with a tail the size of a cedar tree. Its skin is composed of armor-like scales, giving it impenetrable skin. The Leviathan possesses two rows of sharp teeth. Not only does this creature have a strong body, but it can also spit fire from its mouth. To top off its fearful look, its eyes glow like the dawn. Given the lack of paleontological evidence for such a creature’s existence, how should we approach this peculiar commentary that has been inspired by God?

The Old Testament consistently portrays Leviathan as a powerful and fearsome creature. Metaphorically, this story may help us understand the problem of dealing with evil when all power and goodness are simultaneously ascribed to God. The question we seek to understand is why a good and powerful God allows evil and suffering in the world.  Why does Leviathan exist? In Job, the Leviathan illustrates God’s power and the limitations of human understanding. In a broader sense, the Leviathan represents the enemies of our world and the forces of chaos that reign within it.

The fearsome nature of the Leviathan serves as a reminder of the consequences of embracing chaos and opposing God’s sovereignty. Isaiah starts by stating, “For the Lord Almighty has purposed, and who can thwart him? His hand is stretched out, and who can turn it back? “(Isaiah 14:27)¹NIV New International Version Translations . No one can stop or prevent God from accomplishing His divine will. The Apostle Paul adds, “One of you will say to me: ‘Then why does God still blame us? For who is able to resist his will?’” (Romans 9:19). We are to trust in God’s sovereignty and protection. When we are aligned with His will, no force or power can successfully oppose us, not even the Leviathan!

Job 41 depicts the Leviathan as a formidable sea creature, symbolizing God’s supreme power and control over all creation. This underscores the limitless power of God and His reign over all beings, including the most terrifying ones.  Isaiah 27:1 shows the Leviathan as a dragon-like snake, standing for Israel’s enemies. God promises to protect His people from all their enemies. It is God’s promise to us today!

(Psalm 74:14) – “was you who crushed the heads of Leviathan and gave it as food to the creatures of the desert.”

While the authorship of Psalm 74 is in dispute, generally it is considered one of the 12 psalms in the Bible attributed to Asaph. Asaph was a Levite musician. He was also designated by King David to fulfill the role of a seer, or prophet, within his royal court. The Psalm describes the death of a sea serpent, which is given as food to the Hebrews in the wilderness. It is meant to be a reminder of God’s provision for His people.

The Leviathan, as a metaphor, might also give us a hint about why God allows evil in our world. The scary Leviathan reminds us of what can happen if we choose chaos and go against God’s rules.  How important is “free will” to you? We live in a world where we’re not forced to do anything by God. In God’s view, however, doing good is still more important than doing evil. What would our world be like if no one was free? It wouldn’t be a good place to live.  Free will means that God lets His creatures choose how they live, even letting them freely choose Him. For free will to exist, God must create creatures that can be either good or evil. What people find hard to understand is why people choose evil over good! God is not choosing evil. He is in charge, and even the Leviathan will be no match. It is the people who choose to do evil.

It makes no sense to assign evil to God. He created free choice! The evil we hate so much exists because of humanity, not God.  What did God do? He sent His one and only Son, Jesus, to die for our bad choices. Therefore, if we believe in Jesus, even with our free will and even when we make bad choices, we can look forward to eternity with God. Maybe we expect that God will just send down some fire and brimstone on evil and end it! We should rethink that prayer for sure.  “For all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God,” (Romans 3:23). All of us would be targets!

“Hell is truth seen too late.”  ~   Thomas Hobbes

Contemplations

• Can you identify instances in Scripture when it is being utilized in a historical, allegorical, metaphorical, or symbolic manner?
  • Ideas to Explore: Have you looked up and found examples to help you understand God’s Word? Do you know how to read and interpret Parables? When you read a book like Job or Noah, how do you interpret it?
• If all Scripture is “God-Breathed,” how do you prioritize your research when you find it confusing?
  • Ideas to Explore: The intention is not to treat Scripture literally, particularly when considering that the original text has been translated from Hebrew and Greek into various languages. The fact that God provided us with a comprehensive book, composed in many styles over millennia, serves a purpose. We need the entire book—every page, every word.
• If there was no free will, would evil still exist?
  • Ideas to Explore: To have no free will would mean that something or someone like the Leviathan would enforce a single set of rules upon humanity. What type of society would that be like? Can you think of the benefits of free will? In some societies, such as Communism or Marxism, a central power removes free will. Does history support the idea that there would be no evil? Could you exist without free will or God in such a society?
• How will you use the story of Leviathan?
  • Ideas to Explore: Does it help you understand why evil exists? Does it help you know your God better? Do you see how the entire Bible works together?

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The Bible advises us to choose leaders who rule justly and walk faithfully before God (2 Samuel 23:3–4) ¹NIV New International Version Translations. It takes wise and discerning judgment to assess the character and competence of our political leaders. “Free will” suggests we bear a certain responsibility in the selection process. We first must participate! Voting is directly related to choosing the governance, authority, type of justice, and wisdom that will guide our nation and our lives. God’s opinions apply to biblical times but are also relevant today. God’s Word can guide us, giving us valuable insights into our nation’s leadership and governance. Lostpine searched for the top ten attributes of godly and competent leaders. Here is our list.

1. Visionary: Leaders must look to God for the vision or goal they want them to achieve. Proverbs 29:18 states, “Where there is no revelation, people cast off restraint; but blessed is the one who heeds wisdom’s instruction.” It takes divine guidance and wisdom to lead people to purpose-filled lives. Without a vision or divine guidance (revelation), people live unrestrained or purposeless and are morally and spiritually corrupt.
2. Mission Focused: Our leaders must remain concerned with reaching non-believers. “Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit” (Matthew 28:19). World dominance is Satan’s mission. Christ’s mission is to offer the world the gospel of salvation. Therefore, nothing can be more important than sustaining our First Amendment rights.
3. Passionate: Leaders must care deeply about their responsibilities and be committed to them. “Commit to the Lord whatever you do, and he will establish your plans” (Proverbs 16:3). The goals of any leader must go beyond self-enrichment.
4. Spirit-led: Leaders must seek God first in all they do. “I am the vine; you are the branches. If you remain in me and I in you, you will bear much fruit; apart from me you can do nothing” (John 15:5). History tells us there is no peace in godless leadership.
5. Servant: Matthew 20:28 reminds us, “just as the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give his life as a ransom for many.” There is no godly attribute for “wealth-building.” Leaders must serve those they lead.
6. Faith: Leaders must have faith in God’s promises. “By faith Noah, when warned about things not yet seen, in holy fear built an ark to save his family. By his faith he condemned the world and became heir of the righteousness in keeping with faith” (Hebrews 11:7). No leader can save us, only our Creator and His Son!
7. Humility: Humble leaders listen more, are willing to learn more, foster more trust and respect, and demonstrate more compassion. The Apostle Paul writes in Philippians 2:3–4, “Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves, not looking to your own interests but each of you to the interests of the others.” Narcissists work for Satan, not for you!
8. Positive Attitude: Leaders must maintain a positive attitude even in the face of adversity. “And we know that in all things God works for the good of those who love him, who have been called according to his purpose” (Romans 8:28). It is confidence in God that overcomes all enemies.
9. Patience: Leaders must exhibit patience. “But if we hope for what we do not yet have, we wait for it patiently” (Romans 8:25). To follow in God’s footsteps is the only path worth pursuing.
10. Courage: Leaders must have the courage to face challenges. “Have I not commanded you? Be strong and courageous. Do not be afraid; do not be discouraged, for the Lord your God will be with you wherever you go” (Joshua 1:9). Our enemies love those who lack courage!
11. Integrity: Leaders must act with integrity. “Whoever walks in integrity walks securely, but whoever takes crooked paths will be found out” (Proverbs 10:9). The best leaders are those who lead with integrity and skill.

These attributes are not only important for biblical leaders but are also necessary for anyone who aims to lead people. They provide a strong foundation for effective and inspirational leadership. Good leaders can be angry on behalf of their people. However, good leaders never hate! You cannot lead effectively if hatred is part of your vision, mission, spirit, servanthood, or faith. Hatred is not part of being courageous or having integrity in the eyes of God. A hate-filled heart impairs judgment and decision-making, creates divisiveness, promotes fear and insecurity, damages relationships, and undermines trust. Beware of the hate-filled attitude!

Contemplations

• How do you know a leader’s heart?
  • Ideas to Explore: Can you separate truth from opinion? Does prior performance help your choices? Does a leader’s children indicate anything?
• Should leadership follow the “people’s law?”
  • Ideas to Explore: We are a constitutional republic, constraining leaders to the will of the people. Does this fact influence who you choose as a leader?  Do you know what your constitutional rights are? Do you know the limits of power our founding fathers placed on government? 
• Are you closer to God today than you were four years ago?
  • Ideas to Explore: This question is the only one that God cares about!

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Ehud¹O’Neal, Sam. “Who Was Ehud in the Bible?” Learn Religions, Aug. 28, 2020, learnreligions.com/who-was-ehud-in-the-bible-363273., a lesser-known but fascinating figure from the Bible, was a left-handed judge who liberated the Israelites from a tyrannical king. As the second Judge of Israel, succeeding Othniel and preceding Deborah, Ehud is believed to have lived between 1400 and 1350 BC. His rule is documented in the Book of Judges and lasted 80 peaceful years, from approximately 1316 BC to 1237 BC. Ehud’s exceptional bravery and ingenuity led to the Israelites’ deliverance from the Moabites’ control. The Israelites had fallen into sin against God once again. For eighteen years, they endured oppression under King Eglon. When the Israelites repented and pleaded to God for assistance, they were provided a savior, Ehud.

(Judges 3:12-21)²NIV New International Version Translations – “Again the Israelites did evil in the eyes of the Lord, and because they did this evil the Lord gave Eglon king of Moab power over Israel. Getting the Ammonites and Amalekites to join him, Eglon came and attacked Israel, and they took possession of the City of Palms. Again the Israelites cried out to the Lord, and he gave them a deliverer—Ehud, a left-handed man, the son of Gera the Benjamite. The Israelites sent him with tribute to Eglon king of Moab. Now Ehud had made a double-edged sword about a cubit long, which he strapped to his right thigh under his clothing. He presented the tribute to Eglon king of Moab, who was a very fat man. After Ehud had presented the tribute, he sent on their way those who had carried it. But on reaching the stone images near Gilgal he himself went back to Eglon and said, ‘Your Majesty, I have a secret message for you.’ The king said to his attendants, “Leave us!” And they all left.  Ehud then approached him while he was sitting alone in the upper room of his palace and said, ‘I have a message from God for you.’ As the king rose from his seat, Ehud reached with his left hand, drew the sword from his right thigh and plunged it into the king’s belly. 

The next verse, Judges 3:22, describes, in somewhat disgusting detail, how Elgon died. We often wonder why such detail is even included in God’s Word. Like all of God’s wisdom, it has a purpose. When someone harms God’s people, the method of justice always shocks us. Ehud ultimately accomplished this deliverance for the Israelites by deceiving and assassinating Eglon, the Moabite king. Surprisingly, our movie industry has not made a film on Ehud. You might call him the 007 of the Old Testament. Ehud started his plan by crafting a small, double-edged sword, He then concealed it on his right leg beneath his clothing. This was a strategic move, as most soldiers in that era carried their weapons on their left legs for easy access with their right hands. However, Ehud was left-handed, allowing him to keep his sword hidden. 

After Ehud had killed King Eglon, he left through the porch (Judges 3:23). The servants discovered the locked doors of the upper room. They assumed their king was attending to his personal needs in the inner room of the palace. As time passed and the doors remained unopened, they grew increasingly uncomfortable. Finally, they decided to unlock the doors themselves. To their horror, they found their King lifeless on the floor. Ehud had seized this opportunity to escape. He traveled to an area called Seirah. Upon his arrival, he sounded a trumpet in the hill country of Ephraim, rallying the Israelites to descend from the hills and join him.

With a commanding voice, Ehud instructed, “Follow me, for the Lord has delivered Moab, our enemy, into our hands.” The Israelites heeded his call, following him down to seize control of the fords of the Jordan River leading to Moab, ensuring no one could cross over. They killed about ten thousand Moabites, all robust and powerful warriors. Not one Moabite warrior managed to escape. On that day, the battle was decisive and roles were reversed. Moab was subjugated under Israel. The land enjoyed peace for the next eighty years.

Ehud’s story, as told in the Book of Judges, often surprises people due to the deceit and violence he used to execute his plan. History shows that even God has enemies in our world. If we are to read the Word of God, its content will not only uncover murder, but crimes of every type imaginable. Our world is broken.  It’s important to understand that Ehud acted under God’s direction and led a military operation like a soldier in combat today. Ehud’s story reflects God’s responsiveness to the pleas of His people. God still responds that way today! God does not discriminate when selecting His servants. Despite being left-handed—a trait considered a disability in the ancient world—God chose Ehud. The Israelite society viewed left-handed people as impaired or insignificant. God, however, chose Ehud to free His people from their subjugation. The Israelites had strayed from God’s path, committing acts that were displeasing to Him. Consequently, God had punished them through the oppressive rule of Eglon, the king of Moab, for eighteen years.

Lessons We Can Learn

• The story of Ehud underscores the sovereignty of God in choosing leaders and using them to achieve His will.
• Ehud’s story demonstrates that God hears the cries and prayers of His people and provides deliverance from oppression and abuse.
• God can use anyone, including those with perceived weaknesses or limitations, to fulfill His purposes.
• Ehud’s actions teach us about the courage to take initiative against seemingly insurmountable odds to defend our faith and freedom.
• We are reminded that sin has negative consequences, as seen in the suffering of the Israelites when they turned away from God. These lessons from Ehud’s life should encourage us to have faith in God’s plan, to be courageous in the face of adversity, and to remember that God is always working, often through unexpected people and means.
• Finally, Ehud’s story shows the power of repentance.

It’s important to note that the New Testament presents a different perspective on dealing with enemies and oppressors. Jesus taught His followers to “love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you” (Matthew 5:44). He also taught that “all who draw the sword will die by the sword” (Matthew 26:52). The Apostle Paul echoed this teaching in his letters, instructing believers not to repay evil with evil, but to overcome evil with good (Romans 12:17–21).  The story of Ehud and Eglon is part of the historical narrative of the Israelites, reflecting a specific time and cultural context. It does not necessarily prescribe a model for Christian behavior.

Contemplations

• Our Bible has many stories of violence. How do you personally reconcile them?
  • Ideas to Explore: There is the historical context. Stories represent a cross-section of history, poetry, prophecy, wisdom literature, and apocalyptic literature. God gives us each type or style of Scripture for His purpose.  Violent stories usually include God’s judgment on human wickedness and highlight the seriousness of sin and the holiness of God. Most importantly, the Bible’s overarching narrative is one of redemption, with violence highlighting the brokenness of the world and the need for a Savior.
• Why does it always take fear or pain to make people move back to God?
  • Ideas to Explore:  Occasionally referred to as “Foxhole Christianity,” we are often distracted by the pleasures of the world. When things go bad, we run back to our God. That is one of the greatest history lessons in the Bible.
• How important is it to our freedom that each generation believes in God?
  • Ideas to Explore: Where will the leaders and soldiers come from to defend our nation? Would godless people care about freedom?

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  O’Neal, Sam. “Who Was Ehud in the Bible?” Learn Religions, Aug. 28, 2020, learnreligions.com/who-was-ehud-in-the-bible-363273.
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The breakup of the nation of Israel into two nations, Israel to the north and Judah to the south, is a significant event in biblical history. This occurred after the reign of King Solomon. Enemies would eventually overrun both nations. The northern 10 tribes would be driven out of their lands and disappear through their migration and genetic integration into the tribes of Europe. The southern two tribes would be exiled to Babylonia for 70 years. They would eventually return to Jerusalem and rebuild the Jewish nation as we know it today. What caused this breakup is important to understand.

King Solomon is known for his extensive building projects and trade initiatives. Funding for these projects came from taxes during his reign. The northern tribes were unhappy with the heavy taxes imposed by King Solomon. Taxation has a way of disrupting people’s lives. Solomon, who lived in Jerusalem, embarked on grand construction ventures, including building the Temple in Jerusalem and his palace and improvements to select cities throughout the kingdom. The northern kingdom saw Solomon’s taxes being used for the benefit of others. The result was nothing more than an early form of wealth redistribution. After Solomon’s death, there was contention over his successor. When Solomon’s son, Rehoboam, refused to lessen the tax burden, ten tribes left the Kingdom of Judah. Jeroboam (I) was the first king of the northern kingdom of Israel after their separation. Jeroboam was not from the line of David. He was one of Solomon’s administrators.

A prophet named Ahijah told Jeroboam to revolt and form a new kingdom. The biblical narrative in the book of 1 Kings indicates that God guided Ahijah’s actions due to Solomon’s worship of idols and his departure from following God’s commandments. Ahijah’s prophecy to Jeroboam was that God would give him ten of the twelve tribes of Israel to rule over because Solomon had forsaken God. The split was a divine judgment on the house of David for the nation’s idolatry. Ahijah symbolically tore a new cloak into twelve pieces and gave ten to Jeroboam, signifying the division of the kingdom. If Jeroboam followed God’s commands, his legacy would be as long as David’s. The story of Jeroboam is described in 1 Kings 11:26–14:20 and 2 Chronicles 9:29–13:20.

Jeroboam, who led the revolt against Rehoboam, went on to establish a new worship system for the ten tribes. He set up golden calves in Bethel and Dan, leading the people away from worshiping their God in Jerusalem. Jeroboam appointed priests from outside the tribe of Levi, which was against God’s commandments. He instituted a feast like the Feast of Tabernacles but on a different date, thus deviating from the prescribed religious practices. And Jeroboam became personally involved in idol worship, leading his people away from God into sin. These actions were in direct violation of God’s commands. This would lead to the spiritual downfall of the Northern Kingdom.

The Southern Kingdom of Judah, containing Jerusalem and the Jewish Temple, remained intact during this time. Afterward, Judah joined the Assyrian Empire’s new order. The Babylonian Empire would follow. However, Jewish revolts against the Babylonians led to the destruction of Judah in 586 BC, under the rule of Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar II.

Conclusion

When people are taxed but see no benefits, history tells us it leads to negative consequences. High taxation without perceived benefits discourages working, saving, investments, and innovation. Heavy taxation by Solomon to fund his ambitious projects created an initial economic burden for his people, leading to widespread discontent.

(1 Kings 12:12-16)¹NIV New International Version Translations – “Three days later Jeroboam and all the people returned to Rehoboam, as the king had said, ‘Come back to me in three days.’ The king answered the people harshly. Rejecting the advice given him by the elders, he followed the advice of the young men and said, ‘My father made your yoke heavy; I will make it even heavier. My father scourged you with whips; I will scourge you with scorpions.’ So the king did not listen to the people, for this turn of events was from the Lord, to fulfill the word the Lord had spoken to Jeroboam son of Nebat through Ahijah the Shilonite. When all Israel saw that the king refused to listen to them, they answered the king: ‘What share do we have in David, what part in Jesse’s son? To your tents, Israel! Look after your own house, David!’ So the Israelites went home.”

At first, many of the projects sounded reasonable. For example, making the military stronger. Subsequent leaders, however, just kept the projects and spending going. In addition to financial taxes, thousands of Israelites were conscripted into unpaid labor forces, further exacerbating the burden on the populace. When government regulations strip citizens of their freedoms, social divisions come next. The wealth was used for the king’s grandeur rather than for the welfare of everyone. We see it today when benefits go to an elite group of people and are not shared. Heavy taxes and forced labor led to a loss of trust in the northern monarchy. Eventually, what was once a single kingdom would split into the northern and southern kingdoms.

Taxation is essential for a nation’s operations, but when it’s seen as unfair and not serving the public’s interests, it becomes a source of conflict. This was the case with Northern Israel, where unjust taxation slowed economic progress, bred public discontent, and created a sense of injustice among taxpayers who believed their contributions weren’t supporting local welfare or the common good. The resulting political turmoil prompted calls for policy and government reform, ultimately leading to the division of the nation. The lack of perceived benefits from taxes eroded trust in the monarchy, weakening the social contract. Consequently, when external threats emerged, the fragmented nations couldn’t unite for their collective defense—a historical lesson on the importance of equitable taxation.

Jeroboam (I) did not repent of his sins. Despite experiencing the consequences of his actions, such as the illness of his son and a direct challenge from a prophet of God, Jeroboam continued in his ways of idolatry and setting up an alternative religious system. “Even after this, Jeroboam did not change his evil ways, but once more appointed priests for the high places from all sorts of people. Anyone who wanted to become a priest he consecrated for the high places” (1 Kings 13:33). This lack of repentance ultimately led to the downfall of his house and became a pattern of wickedness for the northern kings.

Contemplations

• Can you think of any contemporary examples of this story?
  • Ideas to Explore: Does our nation have patterns of wastefully spending its citizens’ taxes to benefit the elite? What about benefiting people outside our nation?
• Are you concerned about the divisiveness in our nation?
  • Ideas to Explore: What do you think the risks are?
• Do you think that our leader(s) are leading us into sin?
  • Ideas to Explore: Are you growing closer to God? Is it because of fear or love for our God?
• Where do you see our nation placing its hope?
  • Ideas to Explore: Government, God, Money—what other ideas do you have?

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There is a dangerous idea permeating justice systems today. Somehow, the consequences of sin no longer matter and all that is necessary for restoration to occur is mercy. In a biblical context, the role of any punishment should always be restoration. This is deeply rooted in three godly principles: (1) repentance, (2) forgiveness, and (3) God’s grace. When sinful actions have no consequences, and bad choices are made because of our “free will,” God establishes a simple and effective roadmap to restoration. This is restorative justice!

The journey to restoration begins with acknowledging that our wrongdoing, and sinful actions, have had a real and negative effect on the lives of others.

(1 John 1:9)¹NIV New International Version Translations – “If we confess our sins, He is faithful and just to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness.”

The Apostle John reminds us that the road to restoration must begin with confession. He also reminds us of the promise of forgiveness and purification that comes from God when we acknowledge our wrongdoings. Justice cannot be effective if injustice is not accepted. Acknowledging wrongdoing and turning away from sin is the first step toward restoration. It’s about changing one’s mind and actions to align with God’s will. God’s willingness to forgive is central to the process of restoration. When individuals repent, God extends forgiveness.

The biblical definition of repentance is “a sincere turning away in one’s mind and heart from oneself to God.” It includes the idea of a change in the direction of our actions, a transformation of our thought processes, an acknowledgment of our sin, and a commitment to follow God’s will. In the Old Testament, the Hebrew words for repentance include “nacham,” which means to change one’s mind, and “sub,” which is often translated as “turn” or “return.” In the New Testament, the Greek word “metanoia” is used, which signifies a change of mind. It’s a decision that goes beyond being sorry that we got caught or were punished. Repentance is not just a feeling of regret; it’s an active choice to redirect one’s life away from sin and toward righteousness and obedience to God.

(2 Corinthians 7:10) – “Godly sorrow brings repentance that leads to salvation and leaves no regret, but worldly sorrow brings death.”

Here, the “sorrow that is according to the will of God” can be understood as a godly sorrow over sin that leads to true repentance and salvation. It implies an awareness of the consequences of sin. God also offers comfort and assurance to victims of injustice.  He defends those wronged and will bring about final justice. For instance, “Do not take revenge, my dear friends, but leave room for God’s wrath, for it is written: ‘It is mine to avenge; I will repay,’ says the Lord” (Romans 12:19). God sees and hears the plight of victims and will ensure that justice is served, providing hope and peace to those who have been wronged.

The Bible’s call for compassion and understanding towards those who suffer highlights God’s deep concern for the vulnerable and oppressed. But God also emphasizes how crucial it is to uphold justice and love while waiting on God’s timing. “But you must return to your God; maintain love and justice, and wait for your God always” (Hosea 12:6). However, it is only after repentance and forgiveness that restoration is possible. Permanent restoration involves the repair of relationships, the renewal of spirit, and the rebuilding of what was lost due to sin. It is only by God’s grace that restoration is even possible. Despite the consequences of sin, God’s love and mercy offer the hope of a fresh start and a restored relationship with Him. This cycle of consequences and restoration demonstrates God’s justice in allowing consequences for actions and His mercy in providing a path to restoration for those who seek it.

We only need to read the story of the Prodigal Son. In Jesus’ parable, a young man demands his inheritance early, squanders it in reckless living, and faces the consequences of his actions. When he returns home, destitute, and repentant, his father welcomes him with open arms. The repentant son is restored to his place in the family, illustrating God’s forgiveness and the restoration that comes with repentance. However, the wayward son has rightfully lost his inheritance and wealth. Such are the consequences of sin.

Contemplations

• Do you think that there are crimes, things that we consider wrong, should go unpunished today because of societal oppression or bias?
  • Ideas to Explore: Are concepts like “no cash bail” working? Are concepts such as permitted crimes like petty theft not harmful, without victims?
• What is your solution for repeat offenders?
  • Ideas to Explore: Are there examples of where this type of mercy works? Should there be consequences for people who are arrested dozens of times?
• As crime increased in our nation and the world, what would you do to protect the innocent?
  • Ideas to Explore: Can you find examples of where mercy for the criminal and none for the victim are working?
• Do you think the impoverished have a right to steal to survive?
  • Ideas to Explore: In many cities, there is a provision in the law to legalize theft as a social justice tool. How does this compare to God’s plans?

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There is a bit of history that most of us never question. Why did it take the Israelites 40 years to cross the wilderness desert after leaving Egypt? After nearly 3,500 years, God had finally delivered His people from Egyptian bondage. They were to take possession of the land God had promised their forefathers, a land “flowing with milk and honey.” One would conclude that there would have been a lot of effort to get there quickly. The distance is approximately 240 miles (385 Kilometers). If the Israelites had tried to cross the desert as fast as possible, it would have taken them only several weeks or months, but certainly less than 40 years.

The Israelites crossed the “Desert of Sin” en route to Mount Sinai. The term used in the Hebrew Bible for the land they passed through is “midbar,” which can mean desert but also includes wilderness areas of all kinds, such as mountainous terrain and even empty grazing land. It is more accurate to say that the Israelites journeyed through a wilderness than to refer to a specific desert or route. Our question is: Why did the Israelites take so long?

• The book of Exodus documents that over 600,000 men, not including women and children, left Egypt with Moses (Exodus 12:37; Numbers 1:46). Including women, children, and the elderly, there could have been as many as 2.4 million people. This mass migration had huge logistical issues. Along with them were livestock, supplies, and tentage.
• The Israelites were afraid of the inhabitants of the land they were to occupy. They said, “The people are stronger and taller than we are; the cities are large, with walls up to the sky. We even saw the Anakites there.“ (Deuteronomy1:28)¹NIV New International Version Translations.
• Even though Moses assured the people that God would fight for them as He did in Egypt, they did not trust their God to fulfill His promises (Deuteronomy 1:29–33). Do you remember the “Ten Plagues?” (Nile River into Blood; Frogs; Lice/Gnats; Wild animals and flies; Pestilence on livestock; Boils; Thunderstorm of hail and fire; locusts; darkness for three days; and Death of the firstborn.) God was convincing enough to gain freedom for His people! You would have thought that the parting of the Red Sea would have been the icing on the cake.
• In the book of Numbers, God asked Moses to send out spies to survey the land He would give to the Israelites, and Moses obeyed (Numbers 13:1-3). However, some spies used this reconnaissance mission to avoid following God’s commands.

The Israelites’ reluctance to enter the Promised Land was primarily due to their fear and lack of faith in God. By now, anyone who reads our Bible should understand that God considers disobedience a sin. Sin is always punished (place and time at God’s discretion). Because of their disobedience, the Israelites living at the time were barred from entering their Promised Land.

(Deuteronomy 1:35) – “No one from this evil generation shall see the good land I swore to give your ancestors,”

Moses was barred from entering the land due to a different act of disobedience. In Numbers 20:2-12, Moses pleads to God for a water source, and God tells Moses to command a rock to become a spring. Instead, Moses strikes the rock twice with his staff. The second strike was due to his lack of faith in God. God would have given him water with the first strike. Therefore, God’s judgment was His response to disobedience and Moses’ lack of faith. God does the same to people today.

The Israelites’ 40-year journey in the wilderness was a punishment. The consequences of disobedience served as a lesson. Consequences, while different, serve to teach both the current generation and future generations about the importance of obedience and faith in God. Our God is often described as slow to anger and abounding in steadfast love (Exodus 34:6). God is patient and gives people time to repent and return to Him. God’s plan for the redemption of humanity unfolds over many generations and includes periods of disobedience, judgment, and restoration. This does not happen because of God but because of humanity’s free will and propensity to sin. Each subsequent generation is responsible for their actions and the passing of their faith on to the next generation. This includes the lessons learned from past mistakes and the hope that comes from God’s promises.

When the Israelites arrived at Kadesh Barnea (which bordered the Promised Land of Canaan), they sent twelve spies to survey the land and its people. Ten of the spies had a bad report.

(Numbers 13:31-33) – “But the men who had gone up with him said, ‘We can’t attack those people; they are stronger than we are.’ And they spread a bad report about the land they had explored. They said, ‘The land we explored devours those living in it. All the people we saw there were of great size. We saw the Nephilim there (the descendants of Anak come from the Nephilim). We seemed like grasshoppers in our own eyes, and we looked the same to them.’”

Only Joshua and Caleb dissented. Believing the report of the ten doubters, the people lost heart and rebelled. Then the Lord said to Moses, “How long will they refuse to believe in me, despite all the miraculous signs I have performed among them? I will strike them down with a plague and destroy them”. However, Moses once again interceded for his people and turned away the wrath of God. Although God did forgive them, He decided that “not one of them will ever see the land I promised on oath to their forefathers. No one who has treated me with contempt will ever see it”. Rather, they would suffer by wandering in the wilderness for forty years, one year for each day the spies explored the land.

This period of wandering in the desert was a time of testing and discipline. It was also a time when God provided for His people. While it took 40 years, it was not a continuous journey. A significant amount of time was spent at Mount Sinai and various encampments.

Conclusion

The Israelites would learn several important lessons during their 40 years of wandering in the wilderness. They would realize how much they had to rely on God. Every day, they needed His Spirit to fill them again and strengthen them for what was ahead. In miraculous ways, God provided for their needs. As an example, manna and quail from heaven provided food. This taught them that God could provide for them in the wilderness, where no food could be found. He could do the same for the Israelites in the Promised Land.

The time spent wandering in the wilderness was also a purging process, eliminating unbelievers and teaching the remaining Israelites to trust God more than humanity. Their faith was strengthened and dependence on God grew stronger. These lessons are also for us today. The story reminds us of the importance of our faith, obedience, and God.

Contemplations

• How did these lessons the Israelites learned shape their faith and relationship with God?
  • Ideas to Explore: The next generation was willing to take risks and enter Canna. Why do you think that was true?
• How did the Israelites’ experiences in the wilderness reflect their trust (or lack of trust) in God’s promises?
  • Ideas to Explore: The Israelites did not appear observant. Parting the Red Sea, years of manna, and water from stone did not strengthen their faith in God.
• There were consequences for the Israelites’ disobedience. However, God did not ban them from joining Him in eternity. What do you think about this selective punishment?
  • Ideas to Explore: God kept many from experiencing the “milk and honey.” God did not, however, pass an eternal judgment on all of them. God intended to provide blessings in this world too. (John 10:10)
• How does the story of the Israelites’ journey in the wilderness apply to our lives today?
  • Ideas to Explore: The importance of trust and faith in God. One’s ability to observe and see God’s provisions. The importance of passing on our faith and history to the next generation.
• Do you think our nation is wandering through the wilderness now?
  • Ideas to Explore: We live in a nation filled with blessings, and our history shows God’s favor and providence. Why is so much going wrong now? Have we failed to pass our faith on to the next generation? Is our nation being blocked from reaching its “Promised Land” by sin and disobedience?

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Natural laws, also known as “ius naturale” or “lex naturalis,” are a system of laws based on a close observation of natural order and human nature. These laws are thought to be intrinsic to human nature and can be deduced and applied independently of laws enacted by society.

(Romans 1:20)¹NIV New International Version Translations – “For since the creation of the world God’s invisible qualities—his eternal power and divine nature—have been clearly seen, being understood from what has been made, so that people are without excuse.”

The verse above emphasizes that God’s eternal power and divine nature are evident in the world around us. We can see it in the beauty of nature and the complexity of the universe, reflecting God’s invisible qualities. Thus, people are without excuse for not acknowledging God’s existence and majesty. The concept of natural law has been documented in ancient Greek philosophy, including Aristotle, and was referred to in ancient Roman philosophy by Cicero. It has also been embraced and developed by many Christian philosophers, such as Albert the Great and Thomas Aquinas.

(Jeremiah 31:33) – “’This is the covenant I will make with the people of Israel, after that time,’ declares the Lord. ‘I will put my law in their minds and write it on their hearts. I will be their God, and they will be my people.’”

The natural laws were expanded to all of humanity with a new covenant established through Jesus Christ. God will forgive sin and restore communion with those whose hearts believe in His Son. The defeat of death by Christ’s resurrection and restored life is available for those who believe in Him. This covenant is no longer one of law, but one of grace. It’s a covenant in which God’s people are born again, made new creatures, and now delight in God and delight in God’s law. Natural laws are important to us because they cover those behaviors that are intrinsically good. Life, liberty, and your right to pursue happiness would be prominent examples of natural laws.

Natural laws are a set of universal truths, principles, and rules that properly govern moral human conduct. Unlike societal law, natural law is pre-existing. Natural law can be discovered through human reason and rational analysis (common sense), and validated by revelation from the Holy Spirit. Galatians 3:25–26 states, “Now that this faith has come, we are no longer under a guardian. So in Christ Jesus you are all children of God through faith.”In politics and jurisprudence, natural law is a body of rules prescribed by an authority superior to that of the state. Faith in Jesus Christ frees believers from the law as a means of justification. Natural law protects our rights from infringement by other individuals, nation-states, or political orders.

(Romans 2:14) – “Indeed, when Gentiles, who do not have the law, do by nature things required by the law, they are a law for themselves, even though they do not have the law.”

The “Gentiles” referred to in the verse are non-Jewish people (the rest of humanity). The “law” refers to the Mosaic Law, the body of religious laws God gave to Moses on Mount Sinai for the Israelites. The Apostle Paul tells us that even without the explicit knowledge of God’s law, Gentiles (the rest of humanity) can still live morally and ethically by following the natural law written in their hearts. Natural law is a sense of right and wrong that God has instilled in everyone. So, even though much of humanity does not have or adhere to the Mosaic Law when they do what is morally right, they are a law unto themselves. They have no excuse!

Natural law is significant because emphasizes that moral law is universal and accessible to all people, regardless of their religious or cultural background. It underscores the belief in all human beings’ dignity and moral capacity.

(James 1:25) – “But whoever looks intently into the perfect law that gives freedom, and continues in it—not forgetting what they have heard, but doing it—they will be blessed in what they do.”

God’s laws are written in our hearts and are evident in the natural world. By observing nature and listening to our conscience, we can begin to understand some aspects of God’s laws. Humanity is to be governed by an inherited set of universal moral rules. They apply to everyone, everywhere, in the same way. This provides a common ground for understanding basic human rights and responsibilities. Most of the world’s legal systems are based on the concept of natural law and have served as a basis for morality and justice throughout human history. Natural law assumes people want to live “good and innocent” lives. By adhering to natural laws, societies can promote ethical behavior and social harmony (peace). The concept that people have rights, values, and responsibilities is inherent in human nature.

But What About Evil?

Evil actions and injustices work to distort humanity’s understanding of natural law. When societies or individuals engage in or witness evil acts, their perception of what is inherently right or wrong becomes clouded. This results in a weakened moral compass. Natural law is based on the inherent rights granted by a superior power, God, to humans. The presence of evil serves as a test of moral integrity and adherence to natural law. The struggle against evil should be seen as an opportunity for individuals and societies to demonstrate their commitment to natural moral principles. In practice, the prevalence of evil influences the creation and enforcement of more societal laws. Legal systems are designed to curb and address evil actions, reflecting an attempt to align human laws with natural law principles. However, when legal systems become corrupt or unjust, they can perpetuate evil, further distancing society from the ideals of God’s natural law.

Contemplations

• Do you think that evil, sinful people, cannot see the natural laws that God has given us?
  • Ideas to Explore: Do evil people know they are evil? Is there a sense of good in everyone? What blinds people to the natural law that God has given us?
• What do you think is the most obvious natural law?
  • Ideas to Explore: Please add your observations. For Lostpine, it would be that death comes to all. No one escapes. As such, the “things” we accumulate, the “wealth” we amass, and the “power” we command, all end. None will be brought forward into eternity.

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Nebuchadnezzar’s reign is a classic example of the dangers of absolute power. His tyranny and self-regard as a deity serve as a reminder of the potential for abuse when power is concentrated in the hands of one individual or a small group.  History knows him as a godless King. Nebuchadnezzar reigned in the area around the Tigris-Euphrates basin. Under his rule, the city of Babylon reached its height of power and prosperity. He is known for his military might, the splendor of his capital city, Babylon, and his part in Jewish history. Through his life’s story, we can learn how God used him to punish sin and save the Israelites.

Abuse takes many forms, including corruption, human rights violations, suppression of free speech, and more. Our Bible tells us that this is not new to our world. King Nebuchadnezzar, known to historians as Nebuchadnezzar II, ruled Babylonia from approximately 605 BC to 562 BC. He is considered the greatest King of the Babylonian Empire. Yet, God would humble him and the kings who followed his reign in Babylon.

An important part of Jewish history is Nebuchadnezzar’s conquering of Jerusalem, detailed in the Book of 2 Kings 25. It describes how Nebuchadnezzar burned down the Lord’s Temple, the King’s palace, and all the houses in Jerusalem. He ordered the Babylonian soldiers to break down the walls around Jerusalem. Nebuchadnezzar removed all the treasures from the Temple of the Lord and the royal palace. This included all the gold articles Solomon had made for the Temple. He carried into exile all the officers and fighting men, the craftsmen, and artisans. Only the poorest people of the land were left. This was how wealth and intellectual property were stolen back then.

Nebuchadnezzar’s harsh treatment of his people and others, including forced labor and religious persecution, highlighted his lack of respect for human rights. His aggressive military campaigns resulted in significant suffering and displacement. Jeremiah’s prophesy (Jeremiah 30-33) would describe God’s purpose and punishment for the sinful lives of the Israelites. However, in Jeremiah’s message, there was also hope. Though the Israelites would remain in exile for 70 years, upon their return, Jeremiah 30:3 says, “The days are coming,’ declares the Lord, ‘when I will bring my people Israel and Judah back from captivity and restore them to the land I gave their ancestors to possess,’ says the Lord.’”

First and foremost, our Creator is not indifferent to sin, but rather, administers justice. God ingeniously uses the transgressions of others as a form of discipline for those He cherishes, correcting their missteps. His patience is boundless, even waiting for a new generation who would be ready to reestablish their covenant with Him. God possesses the power to humble the mightiest among us, reminding us of our human limitations. Above all, God stands as a beacon of salvation for His people, offering refuge and deliverance.

• God as a Judge: God is a judge who punishes sin, underscoring the importance of moral and ethical behavior, as actions have consequences.
• God as a Teacher: By allowing the sins of others to affect those He loves, God teaches important lessons about the interconnectedness of all people and the rippling effects of our actions on each other.
• God as Patient: God is patient, even willing to wait for a new generation to renew their covenant with Him. Why? Because God values free will and is willing to wait for sincere devotion rather than demanding immediate obedience.
• God as a Humbling Force: The ability of God to humble the most powerful people tells us that earthly power is transient and that humility is the real virtue worth pursuing.
• God as a Savior: Most importantly, it will be the belief that God ultimately saves His people, that provides hope and reassurance in times of difficulty.

We know much of this through the story of Daniel. Exiled as a young man, Daniel would impress Nebuchadnezzar with his character and faith. Daniel would be called on to interpret King Nebuchadnezzar’s dreams. One such dream is recorded in the Book of Daniel, Chapter 2.  Daniel states that the dream and the interpretation came from the one true God. Daniel interpreted Nebuchadnezzar’s dream as consisting of an image of differing metals in Daniel 2:31–45. The four metals represent Babylon, Medo-Peria (Persia), Greece, and Rome. Daniel explained to the King that the statue represented four successive kingdoms based upon power and wealth, beginning in Babylon. The stone and mountain in the dream are potent symbols, representing a kingdom ordained by God Himself. This kingdom is invincible, impervious to destruction or subjugation by any other nation. It stands as a testament to the enduring, unassailable power of God’s rule, a beacon of divine authority that will never wane or falter.

Daniel interpreted another dream for the King, this time about a tree. Daniel warned Nebuchadnezzar, “Renounce your sins by doing what is right, and your wickedness by being kind to the oppressed” (Daniel 4:27). Nebuchadnezzar’s sins were more than just attacking nations and killing, torturing, and deporting their people. His people lived in poverty amongst his vast palace and elaborate building projects, including the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. But in the King’s arrogance, he did not heed Daniel’s interpretation or warning, and the dream came to fruition. “He was driven away from people and ate grass like an ox. His body was drenched with the dew of heaven until this hair grew like the feathers of an eagle and his nails like the claws of a bird” (Daniel 4:33).

Through this dream, King Nebuchadnezzar learned that only God’s Kingdom lasts forever. Daniel tells us about the humbling of Nebuchadnezzar. He made a public declaration through a letter he wrote for the world to read, praising God and acknowledging God’s sovereignty.

(Daniel 5:20-21)¹NIV New International Version Translations – “But when his heart became arrogant and hardened with pride, he was deposed from his royal throne and stripped of his glory. He was driven away from people and given the mind of an animal; he lived with the wild donkeys and ate grass like the ox; and his body was drenched with the dew of heaven, until he acknowledged that the Most High God is sovereign over all Kingdoms on earth and sets over them anyone he wishes.”

After Nebuchadnezzar’s death, the empire was passed down to his successors. They could not maintain the stability and power of the Babylonian empire. One of the successors was King Belshazzar. During his reign, Belshazzar held a great feast and used the gold and silver utensils stolen from the Temple. This disrespect towards the God of Israel led to a divine warning, which was interpreted by Daniel. Daniel told Belshazzar he would be replaced because he didn’t humble himself before God. During this feast, the city was invaded. That night, Belshazzar was slain, and Darius the Mede took over the Kingdom.

Daniel became a favored member of King Darius’ court, recognized for the “excellent spirit” within him. He was even considered for leadership over the entire advisory court. Jealous advisors would hatch a plot to find fault in the blameless Daniel, primarily through his unwavering faith in God. Darius was tricked into issuing a decree that no one other than the King must be worshipped as a god. When Daniel was discovered worshipping the one true God in the confines of his home, it was deemed that he be put to death for violating the decree. The punishment was death in the lion’s den.  Daniel survived the night with the lions and was found to be safe, a testament to Daniel’s faith and the power of God to protect those who trust in Him. The incident of Daniel in the lions’ den is recorded in the Book of Daniel 6.

Not only would God bring the exiles back, but Jeremiah 31:33 says, “I will put my law in their minds and write it on their hearts. I will be their God, and they will be my people.” God would faithfully lead His people out of exile, physically and spiritually, through the coming of the Messiah, Jesus Christ. The Babylonian exile for the Israelites ended around 538 BC. The Persian conqueror of Babylonia, Cyrus the Great, conquered Babylon and permitted the Jews to return to their land. The earlier Assyrian deportation of the northern tribes of Israel in 722 BC resulted in the complete disappearance of the northern tribes. However, the Jews who went to Babylon formed their own community. They retained their religion, practices, and culture. The exile would end with their return under Zerubbabel the Prince (a descendant of the royal line of David) and Joshua the Priest (a descendant of the line of the former High Priests of the Temple). This would spawn the construction of the Second Temple in the period from 521 BC to 516 BC. Despite its hardships, the Babylonian exile shaped Jewish identity. During this time, many Jewish traditions and practices were solidified, and the Jewish people maintained their faith and identity despite being in a foreign land.

Contemplations

• Do you believe that God punishes sin?
  • Ideas to Explore: What knowledge or experiences give you your belief?
• Why do you think that God would wait a generation before the restoration of the Jewish nation?
  • Ideas to Explore: Where do you see sin so embedded into society that it will take a new generation to eliminate it?
• Where have you seen God humble those who have abused their power?
  • Ideas to Explore: Think through the Bible’s history, our world’s history, and our nation’s history. There are plenty of examples.
• Do you think our nation needs to be saved by God?
  • Ideas to Explore: This is where a humble heart is necessary.

Two additional studies adding to this topic are available:

The Story of Daniel

Part Two: Who was Zerubbabel

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Most would agree that the principal responsibility for raising a child lies with the parents.

(Proverbs 22:6)¹NIV New International Version Translations“Start children off on the way they should go, and even when they are old, they will not turn from it.”

What is often missed is the generational impact of good parenting and Godly training. Deuteronomy 4:9 states, ” Only be careful, and watch yourselves closely so that you do not forget the things your eyes have seen or let them fade from your heart as long as you live. Teach them to your children and their children after them.” To understand this point further, we can look at the generational impact of one family on biblical history. Antipater the Idumaean founded the Herodian Dynasty, ruling from 47 BC to 42 BC. His descendants, however, ruled Judea until its conquest by the Romans in 70 AD. This covers most of the period of the New Testament itself.

To begin our history lesson, there is Antipater’s son, Herod the Great. Herod the Great was a Roman Jewish “client king” of the Herodian Kingdom of Judea. He was born around 72 BC and died around 4 BC (Jesus’ birth is thought to be between 4 BC and 6 BC). A client king meant that Herod’s rule depended on the continued approval of the more powerful State, Rome, to keep his authority. Herod the Great’s reign is recorded in the works of the Jewish historian Josephus. Herod the Great first appears in the Gospel of Matthew 2:1–22 as the ruler of Judea who orders the Massacre of the Innocents at the time of the birth of Jesus. He sought to kill Jesus by ordering the massacre of all infant boys in Bethlehem. Herod the Great also tried to trick the Wise Men into revealing the location of the Christ child. It was the first interaction the Herod family had with Jesus. While there is some evidence of a successful legacy as king, most historians view him as a tyrannical ruler.

On Herod the Great’s death in 4 BC, the Romans divided his kingdom among his three sons and his sister. His son, Herod Antipas, received the tetrarchy of Galilee and Peraea. The word “tetrarchy” means “rule of four.” Other family members of Herod the Great include Herod’s son, Herod Archelaus, who became the ruler of Judea, Samaria, and Idumea.  Herod the Great’s son Philip was a half-brother to Antipas. Philip was a product of his father’s fifth wife and became ruler of territories north and east of the Jordan River. Herod the Great’s sister, Salome, became ruler of the cities of Jabneh, Ashdod, and Phasaelis. Family life around the Herod household must have been interesting!

(Isaiah 40:3-5) – ” A voice of one calling: ‘In the wilderness prepare the way for the Lord; make straight in the desert a highway for our God. Every valley shall be raised up, every mountain and hill made low; the rough ground shall become level, the rugged places a plain. And the glory of the Lord will be revealed, and all people will see it together. For the mouth of the Lord has spoken.’”

We see a similar foretelling in Malachi 3:1. These prophecies foretold the coming of a forerunner who would prepare the way for a Messiah. John the Baptist was this person, forming the link between the Old and New Testaments. John the Baptist is also known as Saint John the Forerunner. He was born in the 1st century BC in the Herodian Tetrarchy and died around 30 AD in Machaerus. According to the Gospel of Luke, John and Jesus were relatives. His mother, Elizabeth, was a cousin of Mary, the mother of Jesus. His father was the priest Zechariah. John the Baptist is revered and a major religious figure in Christianity, Islam, the Baháʼí faith, the Druze faith, and Mandaeism. These faiths consider John the Baptist to be a prophet of God. The angel Gabriel also foretold his birth and outlined his divine purpose, setting the stage for John the Baptist’s destined role as a “herald of the Messiah.” This is emphasized in Luke 1:16–17: “He will bring back many of the people of Israel to the Lord their God. And he will go on before the Lord, in the spirit and power of Elijah, to turn the hearts of the parents to their children and the disobedient to the wisdom of the righteous—to make ready a people prepared for the Lord.”

John the Baptist anticipated a messianic figure greater than himself. According to the Gospel of Matthew, Jesus identifies John the Baptist as “Elijah who is to come”, a direct reference to the Book of Malachi. John used baptism as the central symbol or sacrament of his pre-messianic movement. Most biblical scholars agree that John baptized Jesus, and several New Testament accounts report that some of Jesus’s early followers had previously been followers of John. John’s use of baptism was a call to repentance and a symbol of cleansing from sin. His purpose was to prepare the people to receive the message of salvation directly from Jesus. His central theme was “Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is near” (Matthew 3:2). He baptized those who responded to his message and had sincerely repented.

Herod Antipas is first mentioned in the New Testament in Matthew 14:1–12 and Mark 6:14–29.  John the Baptist directly confronted Herod Antipas for divorcing his first wife, Phasaelis (something Herod Antipas learned, no doubt, from his father) and then unlawfully marrying Herodias, the wife of his half-brother Herod Philip. Herodias, Herod Antipas’s new wife, was not pleased with John the Baptist’s public disapproval of her bigamous marriage to Herod Antipas and his half-brother Herod Philip. She would not rest until she saw John the Baptist killed. At the request of Herod Antipas’ soon-to-be mistress Salome (his stepdaughter, child of Herodias and Herod Philip), Herod Antipas carried out Herodias’ demand to murder John the Baptist (Matthew 14:6–11; Mark 21:21–29). John was beheaded by Herod Antipas around 30 AD.

In the Gospel of Luke, Herod Antipas is also mentioned in Acts 4:27 as having a role in the trial of Jesus. The first mention is where he is referred to as just “Herod,” one of those guilty of the crucifixion of Jesus. When Jesus was arrested in Jerusalem, Pontius Pilate, the Roman procurator of Judaea, sent Jesus to Herod Antipas because Jesus was a Galilean, under Antipas’ jurisdiction. Herod Antipas was eager to see Jesus, expecting him to perform miracles. However, instead of seeking the truth from Jesus, Herod Antipas wanted him to perform a miracle for his entertainment. When Jesus did not comply, Antipas and his soldiers mocked Jesus. Then, instead of freeing this innocent man, Herod Antipas sent him back to Pilate, who had the authority to have Jesus crucified. Herod Antipas’s actions during Jesus’ trial improved his relationship with the chief priests and the Sanhedrin and started a friendship with Pilate. Therefore, Herod Antipas is considered one of the co-conspirators who carried out the condemnation and execution of Jesus Christ. This might also be an early example of political alliances’ perversion of a nation’s justice system.

When we look at the history of the Herod family, it is easy to see the dysfunction. Murder, divorce, immorality, corruption, and the list goes on. How might history have changed if the patriarch, Antipater the Idumaean, had formed a Godly dynasty? What if the Herod brothers and Aunt Salome were raised to fear God? Antipater the Idumaean, the founder of the Herodian Dynasty and father of Herod the Great, died by poisoning due to his unpopularity. The people had grown tired of his leadership style. His death occurred in 43 BC. Herod the Great died in 4 BC. He passed away at his winter palace in Jericho. His death was due to a gruesome, painful, and mysterious illness. Herod Antipas, son of Herod the Great, ruled Galilee and Perea until 39 AD. His nephew, Agrippa I, accused him of conspiring against the Roman emperor Caligula. Herod Antipas was exiled to Gaul, accompanied by Herodias, his wife. The exact date of his death is unknown. The daughter of Herod Antipas and Herodias, who gave history the Dance of the Seven Veils²“Dance of the Seven Veils” was popularized in the 1894 English translation of Oscar Wilde’s 1893 French play “Salome”. The dance was also incorporated into Richard Strauss’s 1905 opera “Salome”., is rumored to have died in a tragic accident. As she was passing over a frozen river, the ice broke, and she sank up to her neck, freezing to death. Missing from history are details on Salome, sister of Herod the Great, who died around 10 AD, Herod Philip, who died around 18 AD, and Herod Archelaus, who died about 34 AD. One might conclude that God was far more interested in sustaining the legacies of John the Baptist, Joseph, Mary, and Jesus than the Herod family.

Contemplations

• An American educator, A.E. Winship, decided to trace the descendants of Reverend Jonathan Edwards, an American revivalist preacher, philosopher, and Congregationalist theologian. Winship would do this almost 150 years after his death. His findings are remarkable, especially when he compared Edwards’ genealogy to “Max Jukes.”³Max Jukes is a pseudonym used in sociological studies to refer to the patriarch of a New York family studied in the late 19th and early 20th centuries with a less-than-stellar reputation. (see footnote)
  • Jonathan Edwards’ legacy included: 1 U.S. Vice-President, 1 Dean of a law school, 1 dean of a medical school, 3 U.S. Senators, 3 governors, 3 mayors, 13 college presidents, 30 judges, 60 doctors, 65 professors, 75 Military officers, 80 public office holders, 100 lawyers, 100 clergymen, and 285 college graduates.
  • Max Jukes’ descendants included: 7 murderers, 60 thieves, 190 prostitutes, 150 other convicts, 310 paupers, and 440 who were physically wrecked by addiction to alcohol. Of the 1,200 descendants that were studied, 300 died prematurely.
• Ideas to Explore: https://ywam-fmi.org/news/multigenerational-legacies-the-story-of-jonathan-edwards/

• What will your genealogy look like in 150 years?
  • Ideas to Explore: The seeds of faith planted by parents and grandparents now will produce the fruit harvested by future generations.

• 1
  NIV New International Version Translations
• 2
  “Dance of the Seven Veils” was popularized in the 1894 English translation of Oscar Wilde’s 1893 French play “Salome”. The dance was also incorporated into Richard Strauss’s 1905 opera “Salome”.
• 3
  Max Jukes is a pseudonym used in sociological studies to refer to the patriarch of a New York family studied in the late 19th and early 20th centuries with a less-than-stellar reputation.