Category: Shadows (Page 1 of 25)

The Bible supports the concept of a need for balance between order and chaos. God brings and maintains order, demonstrating His sovereignty over chaos. His relationship is not one of equality but of a sovereign Creator over His Creation. You find this in the very first verses. Genesis 1:1-2 states, “In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. Now the earth was formless and empty, darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the waters.“

“Formless and empty” (Hebrew: tohu v’ bohu) describes a state of disorder, emptiness, and chaos. This is the raw material, the Universe before God acts. His divine act of creation is a systematic, week-long process of bringing order to this chaos. God separates light from darkness, the waters above from the waters below, and the seas from the dry land. He then fills these distinct domains with living creatures and plants, each “according to their kinds,” establishing a structured world as we know it.

The culmination is “very good” (Genesis 1:31), signifying that the result of God’s ordering has placed everything in a state of peace and harmony. It is here that we find our God to be the ultimate source of order, who is not intimidated by chaos but uses it as the material for His creative work. However, chaos, whether you call it evil, Satan, or even sin, remains a constant threat to God’s ordered world. Our world, without God’s continued oversight and presence, will regress into moral and spiritual chaos again and again. Where God is absent, chaos reigns supreme. Godlessness is described as a state of disorder, emptiness, and confusion.

Adam and Eve’s disobedience disrupted the perfect harmony of Eden (Genesis 3). Because of humanity’s free will, there is a chaotic relationship between humanity and God (hiding from God), between male and female (strife), and between humanity and the natural world (thorns and thistles). God’s creation requires ongoing work to maintain order and peace.

The Bible makes it clear that while humans are created in God’s image and given the task to “subdue” and “have dominion” over the earth (Genesis 1:28), they are not capable of creating perfect order on their own. Humanity is in constant rebellion against God. Humanity is the moral and spiritual chaos that corrupted God’s natural order of creation. This is why we observe phenomena such as pain, suffering, and conflict in the world. Our own efforts to bring order often bring more chaos due to our fallen nature (e.g., wars fought in the name of “peace,” or systems of justice that are corrupt). We need a mediator who is not subject to the chaos of sin.

God is not only the one who created order out of chaos, but also the one who actively sustains order. Colossians 1:17 says of Jesus, “He is before all things, and in him all things hold together.” Without God’s constant, active presence, the ordered cosmos would descend back into chaos. This is not just about the physical laws of the universe but also about moral and spiritual order. God’s redemptive work, through Christ, is the ultimate act of restoring order. God takes the chaos of human sin and offers forgiveness and new life, bringing people into a state of peace (shalom) with Him and with one another. The final vision in Revelation of a “new heaven and a new earth” is the ultimate expression of this restoration, where God’s perfect and eternal order triumphs over all remaining chaos. Look carefully at your world. Do you see anything that doesn’t make sense? You will not find Jesus or God in these places!

When our Savior is present, you will find a stable and predictable environment, which is essential for planning, growth, and human development. He allows societies to function smoothly, with established laws and norms guiding behavior. An orderly society is generally safer, as rules and regulations help prevent chaos and anarchy. This security fosters a sense of well-being. There will be higher productivity and better outcomes in life, including economics, education, and healthcare. An ordered society will align with moral and ethical frameworks that promote justice, fairness, and respect for others.

Some will claim that a little bit of chaos is a good thing, that it breeds creativity and innovation. Order, however, is an inherent attribute of God’s character. 1 Corinthians 14:33 states, “For God is not a God of disorder but of peace.” This implies that chaos is fundamentally antithetical to who God is. He is perfect, complete, and harmonious within Himself (as seen in the Trinity). Therefore, for order to exist, it must originate from Him. Chaos, in this worldview, is not an equal and opposing force, but a state of being that God’s very nature overcomes. Without a divine, uncreated source of order, the universe would be forever trapped in the “formless and void” state described in Genesis 1. Society without God degrades into an intolerant society filled with chaos and hatred.

In conclusion, the necessity of God’s mediation cannot be overstated. As the sole source of true order, God stands as the ultimate mediator in a world marred by chaos. Humanity, in its fallen state, is both a victim and a perpetrator of disorder, incapable of establishing a lasting and perfect order on its own. It is through God’s divine intervention that a structured world is not only created but also sustained. Ultimately, it is God’s redemptive power that will restore and redeem the world from the chaos introduced by humanity. This study underscores the profound need for God’s continuous mediation to bring about and maintain divine order in our lives.

Contemplations

• How does the concept of God’s sovereignty challenge our understanding of free will and human responsibility?
  • Ideas to Explore: What do you think about the balance between God’s control over the universe and human free will? How do we reconcile the idea that God is in control with the notion that humans have the freedom to make choices? Consider biblical examples where God’s sovereignty and human actions intersect, such as the story of Joseph and his brothers.
• In what ways can we see evidence of God’s order during the chaos in our world today?
  • Ideas to Explore : Think about current events or personal experiences where God’s hand can be seen bringing order out of chaos. How do these instances strengthen our faith and understanding of God’s role in the world? Reflect on how God’s order is manifested in nature, society, and individual lives.
• What specific actions can individuals take to align their lives with God’s order amidst chaos?
  • Ideas to Explore: Have you thought about God’s Will for you? Your purpose in life?

There are numerous ways God speaks or communicates with His creation. His methods range from direct and dramatic interventions to more subtle, internal promptings. Let’s look at how God does this.

The Bible (Written Word)

We consider our Bible to be the inspired word of God. It can be the primary and most authoritative way God communicates to us. We see it as God-breathed, providing guidance, instruction, correction, and revelation of His character and will for humanity.

(2 Timothy 3:16-17)¹NIV New International Version Translations – “All Scripture is God-breathed and is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in righteousness, so that the servant of God may be thoroughly equipped for every good work.”

Creation (Nature)

The natural world is a testament to God’s existence, power, and divine nature. The beauty, order, and complexity of the universe declare His glory, making His presence evident to all. Kind David eloquently stated, “The heavens declare the glory of God; the skies proclaim the work of his hands. Day after day, they pour forth speech; night after night, they reveal knowledge. They have no speech; they use no words; no sound is heard from them. Yet their voice goes out into all the earth, their words to the ends of the world. In the heavens, God has pitched a tent for the sun (Psalm 19:1-4).”

(Romans 1:20) – ” For since the creation of the world God’s invisible qualities—his eternal power and divine nature—have been clearly seen, being understood from what has been made, so that people are without excuse.”

The Holy Spirit

To every Christian, there is an inner witness, a still, small voice. We refer to this as the Holy Spirit, a part of our Triune God. The Holy Spirit is central to experiencing God’s communication. This can manifest as a simple inner prompting, a firm conviction, a sense of peace, or that “still, small voice” in one’s thoughts and heart. The Holy Spirit can lead us into truth, remind us of God’s teachings, and provide discernment for our daily decisions.

How does the Holy Spirit lead us into truth? By reaffirming God’s teachings and reminding us of what God has already revealed or is about to reveal. The Holy Spirit provides insight and foresight, which we can use in our daily decisions and for discernment. Finally, the Holy Spirit convicts hearts and minds.

(John 16:13) – “But when he, the Spirit of truth, comes, he will guide you into all the truth. He will not speak on his own; he will speak only what he hears, and he will tell you what is yet to come.”

Jesus Christ (The Word Incarnate)

Jesus is regarded as the ultimate manifestation of God’s communication. His life, teachings, death, and resurrection serve as the clearest revelation of God’s nature and His plan for saving humanity. God took on human form so that we could connect with His call and will for us. “In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son, whom he appointed heir of all things, and through whom also he made the universe” (Hebrews 1:1-2).

(John 1:14) – “The Word became flesh and made his dwelling among us. We have seen his glory, the glory of the one and only Son, who came from the Father, full of grace and truth.”

Dreams and Visions

Throughout history and in religious texts, God has communicated with individuals through dreams and visions, often conveying future events, warnings, or specific instructions. We call these Prophetic Insights.

• Dreams: There are at least 21 instances where God communicated through dreams explicitly mentioned in the Bible. Many of these figures are mentioned in Genesis (e.g., Jacob, Joseph, Pharaoh, and Abimelech), and six are referenced in Matthew (concerning Joseph, Mary, and the Wise Men regarding Jesus) and in Acts (concerning Peter). Other notable dreamers include Solomon and Nebuchadnezzar.
• Visions: The term “vision” is used frequently, with one reference source stating it appears 86 times in the Old Testament and 15 times in the New Testament. While not all of these are direct divine communications, many are. The book by Daniel alone uses the term “vision” 22 times. The book of Acts records at least 21 instances of visions and dreams. Key figures who received visions include Abraham, Moses, Samuel, Isaiah, Ezekiel, Daniel, Peter, Paul, and John (in Revelation).

(Numbers 12:6) – “He said, ‘Listen to my words: When there is a prophet among you, I, the LORD, reveal myself to them in visions; I speak to them in dreams.’”

Angels

Messengers (Angels) are often depicted as divine messengers, delivering specific messages or warnings from God to His people. To find examples, we can look to the Gospel of Luke, where Gabriel announces two significant births.

• The Annunciation of John the Baptist’s Birth to Zechariah

(Luke 1:11; 13; 19) – “Then an angel of the Lord appeared to him, standing at the right side of the altar of incense. ²While not explicitly named “Gabriel” here initially, the angel identifies himself later. But the angel said to him: ‘Do not be afraid, Zechariah; your prayer has been heard. Your wife Elizabeth will bear you a son, and you are to call him John.’ The angel said, ‘I am Gabriel. I stand in the presence of God, and I have been sent to speak to you and to tell you this good news.”

• The Annunciation of Jesus’ Birth to Mary

(Luke 1:26; 31-33) – “In the sixth month of Elizabeth’s pregnancy, God sent the angel Gabriel to Nazareth, a town in Galilee,”…..You will conceive and give birth to a son, and you are to call him Jesus..…He will be great and will be called the Son of the Most High. The Lord God will give him the throne of his father David, and he will reign over Jacob’s descendants forever; his kingdom will never end.”

Direct Speech (Audible Voice)

While less common in modern times, biblical accounts include instances where God spoke directly and audibly to individuals.

• Old Testament
  • Moses and the Burning Bush (Exodus 3:1-22): God appears to Moses in a burning bush that is not consumed by the fire and speaks to him, commissioning him to lead the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt. This is a powerful visual and auditory manifestation.
  • Mount Sinai and the Ten Commandments (Exodus 19-20): God speaks to the entire nation of Israel from Mount Sinai, using thunder, lightning, and a loud trumpet blast, to give them the Ten Commandments. The people are terrified by the sound of God’s voice and ask Moses to intercede on their behalf.
  • God speaking “face to face” with Moses (Numbers 12:6-8): “With him I speak face to face, clearly and not in riddles; he sees the form of the LORD.” This highlights a unique and direct communication that Moses had with God.
  • Balaam and the Talking Donkey (Numbers 22:21-35): God uses a talking donkey to speak to Balaam, a prophet, when Balaam is going astray. This is a very unusual and undeniable example of God intervening through physical means.
  • Samuel’s Call (1 Samuel 3:1-11) As a young boy, Samuel repeatedly hears a voice calling his name. He initially thinks it’s Eli, the priest, but Eli eventually realizes it’s the Lord speaking to Samuel. This demonstrates God’s direct call to individuals.
• New Testament
  • Jesus’ Baptism (Matthew 3:16-17; Mark 1:9-11; Luke 3:21-22): As Jesus is baptized, the heavens open, the Spirit descends like a dove, and a voice from heaven declares, “This is my Son, whom I love; with him I am well pleased.” This audible declaration is heard by those present.
  • The Transfiguration (Matthew 17:5; Mark 9:7; Luke 9:35): On the mountain of transfiguration, while Jesus is with Peter, James, and John, a bright cloud covers them, and a voice from the cloud says, “This is my Son, whom I love; with him I am well pleased. Listen to him!“
  • Paul’s Conversion (Acts 9:3-7; Acts 22:6-9; Acts 26:12-18): On the road to Damascus, Saul (later Paul) encounters a blinding light and hears a voice saying, “Saul, Saul, why do you persecute me?” While those with him see the light, only Paul clearly hears the voice.

Other People

• Prophets and Teachers: God can use other individuals, such as prophets, pastors, friends, or even strangers, to deliver messages, provide encouragement, or offer wise counsel.
• Community and Fellowship: Through the collective wisdom and discernment of a faith community, believers can often perceive God’s leading.

Circumstances and Events

Divine Providence: God can communicate His will or redirect paths through life circumstances, both favorable and challenging. Events can serve as lessons, confirmations, or indicators of God’s direction. As an example: “Joseph said to them, ‘Don’t be afraid. Am I in the place of God? You intended to harm me, but God intended it for good to accomplish what is now being done—the saving of many lives.‘” (Genesis 50:19-20) Joseph recognized that even though his brothers intended evil by selling him into slavery, God sovereignly worked through those difficult circumstances and events to bring about a greater good (saving many lives during the famine). This demonstrates how God can communicate His purpose and will through the unfolding of life’s events.

Conclusion

Here are a few more ways God is sometimes believed to communicate with humanity.  Beyond just the initial creation, some believe God communicates through the ongoing intricate design, beauty, and consistent laws of the natural world, revealing His character and wisdom. God speaks to individuals through their inner conscience, providing a moral compass or a strong sense of right and wrong, or through a personal, internal prompting. This is a source of wisdom that leads to Revelation, humanity’s response to natural laws that align with common sense. Within history, specific, undeniable miracles or supernatural occurrences are often seen as direct, unmistakable communications from God. And for some, God’s communication can be profoundly experienced through the inspiration found in music, visual art, literature, or other creative expressions that evoke a sense of the divine.

Contemplations

• Given the diverse and profound ways God communicates as described in this study – from the authoritative written Word to the subtle promptings of the Holy Spirit, and from grand historical interventions to the intricate beauty of creation – what might be the implications for our spiritual growth and daily lives if we prioritize one method of hearing God over all others, and conversely, what benefits might we experience by actively cultivating a posture of listening across all these channels?
  • Ideas to Explore: Consider how exclusively relying on only the written Word, while foundational, might lead to a rigid legalism or an inability to discern God’s specific, timely guidance in unique situations not explicitly detailed in scripture. What if a “still, small voice” is needed, or a providential circumstance is a sign, but we’ve trained ourselves to only look in one place?

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  NIV New International Version Translations
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  While not explicitly named “Gabriel” here initially, the angel identifies himself later.

(Hebrews 5:11-14)¹NIV New International Version Translations – “We have much to say about this, but it is hard to make it clear to you because you no longer try to understand. In fact, though by this time you ought to be teachers, you need someone to teach you the elementary truths of God’s word all over again. You need milk, not solid food! Anyone who lives on milk, being still an infant, is not acquainted with the teaching about righteousness. But solid food is for the mature, who by constant use have trained themselves to distinguish good from evil.”

These passages in Hebrews make a thought-provoking statement, challenging Christians to reflect on their spiritual growth and maturity. The author of Hebrews uses the metaphor of infants needing milk versus mature believers requiring solid food to emphasize the importance of continually advancing in one’s faith. Solid food, in this context, refers to the expectation that the faithful should be teaching God’s Word rather than just being served God’s Word by others. A mature believer’s life should be built upon the fundamental truths of God and their commitment to share and live the Gospel’s message. This study will explore how mature believers, through constant practice, train themselves to discern good from evil, setting an example for others.

In the context of Hebrews 5:11-14, “solid food” refers to the more advanced teachings and understanding of the Christian faith that mature believers should be seeking. Here are a few examples of what could be considered “solid food“:

Understanding What it is to be Righteousness: Understanding what it means to be righteous is an essential aspect of spiritual maturity. In a biblical sense, righteousness is not simply about following a set of rules or conforming to external standards; it is about aligning one’s life, thoughts, and actions with God’s will. This involves learning to see right and wrong not through the shifting perspectives of society, but according to the unwavering principles outlined in God’s Word.

To live righteously is to continually seek God’s guidance, allowing His teachings to shape one’s character and choices. It means striving to do what is right even when it is difficult or unpopular, and letting one’s actions reflect one’s faith and trust in God. As we grow in understanding of righteousness, we become more equipped to make wise decisions, influence others positively, and remain steadfast in our faith regardless of life’s challenges.

Understanding righteousness is a journey that calls us to embrace “God’s definition of good and evil,” and then apply His truths in our daily lives, and to pursue a life that honors Him in all circumstances. The Apostle Paul, however, gives us a dose of humility. In Romans 3:23, he states, “for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God.”

Discernment: To truly live a Christian life is to anchor every decision and action in the discernment that comes from God, not the world. The ability to distinguish good from evil and to make wise choices is not derived from personal opinion or changing cultural standards but from a deep and abiding understanding of God’s Word. For Christians, this discernment is essential. It is God alone who defines what is right and what is wrong, and it is through devoted study, prayer, and application of His truths that believers can grow in spiritual maturity.

Living according to Christian principles means striving daily to align one’s thoughts, words, and deeds with the teachings of Scripture. Rather than relying on fleeting feelings or popular trends, the Christian life is built upon the solid foundation of God’s unchanging standards. This way of life calls for humility, perseverance, and an eagerness to learn from God, knowing that true wisdom and righteousness flow only from Him.

Ultimately, the Christian life is not just about knowing what is right, but consistently doing what is right, regardless of difficulty or opposition. By continually seeking God’s guidance and allowing His Word to shape one’s hearts, we become equipped to live lives that honor Him, serve others selflessly, and bear witness to the transformative power of faith.

Understanding the Gospel and its Doctrines: In the context of being a mature Christian, “the Gospel” represents the profound, comprehensive truths of the Christian faith, along with the “Doctrines” that go beyond the basic foundational teachings. It means understanding core biblical concepts, such as the nature of God, the work of Christ, the ministry of the Holy Spirit, and the unfolding of God’s redemptive plan.

For the mature believer, engaging in understanding the Gospel is not merely an intellectual exercise. Instead, it is an active pursuit of wisdom and discernment that shapes one’s character and conduct. Mature Christians apply their knowledge to their daily lives, allowing such truths to inform their decisions, relationships, and responses to the world. This maturity is evidenced by the ability to teach others, to apply scriptural principles wisely, and to remain steadfast when facing challenges, always distinguishing good from evil through the lens of God’s eyes.

The Gospel and its Doctrines are the “solid food” described in Hebrews, nourishment for those who seek to deepen their relationship with God and live out their faith with conviction, responsibility, and discernment. It also comes with the joy of knowing that if you do these things, you will never stumble, and you will receive a rich welcome into the eternal kingdom of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ.

Exemplifying Practical Application: For the mature Christian, this is not merely an admirable pursuit, but the deepest purpose and calling in life. Embracing and living out God’s word in tangible actions transforms character, shapes relationships, and provides a steadfast foundation through life’s challenges. By making biblical values the bedrock of decisions, interactions, and attitudes, believers reflect Christ’s love and wisdom to others, fulfilling their highest mission. This daily commitment is how faith becomes real and enduring, leading to a life marked by meaning, impact, and spiritual fulfillment. In doing so, mature Christians not only honor God but inspire those around them, embodying the very essence of what it means to walk faithfully and purposefully in His truth.

It is essential to clarify that salvation itself does not depend on consuming “solid food” or attaining advanced spiritual knowledge. Instead, the benefit is that growing in a more profound understanding and maturity equips believers to live out their faith more fully and stand firm against challenges. Those who remain on spiritual “milk” can still experience true salvation, but may find themselves less prepared to navigate complex issues or resist misleading teachings. Developing a firm grasp of the foundations of faith provides greater assurance, confidence, and stability in one’s relationship with Christ, helping believers to flourish and remain steadfast in the journey of faith.

A clear understanding of one’s faith also equips believers to share the gospel and defend their beliefs effectively. Without this understanding, believers may struggle to articulate their faith and answer questions from others, hindering their ability to witness and evangelize.

(2 Peter 1:3-11) – “His divine power has given us everything we need for a godly life through our knowledge of him who called us by his own glory and goodness. Through these he has given us his very great and precious promises, so that through them you may participate in the divine nature, having escaped the corruption in the world caused by evil desires. For this very reason, make every effort to add to your faith goodness; and to goodness, knowledge; and to knowledge, self-control; and to self-control, perseverance; and to perseverance, godliness; and to godliness, mutual affection; and to mutual affection, love. For if you possess these qualities in increasing measure, they will keep you from being ineffective and unproductive in your knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ. But whoever does not have them is nearsighted and blind, forgetting that they have been cleansed from their past sins. Therefore, my brothers and sisters, make every effort to confirm your calling and election. For if you do these things, you will never stumble, and you will receive a rich welcome into the eternal kingdom of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ.”

The Apostle Peter highlights the importance of adding to one’s faith qualities such as goodness, knowledge, self-control, perseverance, godliness, mutual affection, and love. Without these qualities, believers risk becoming ineffective and unproductive in their understanding of Jesus Christ. The passage also warns that those who lack these qualities are nearsighted and blind, forgetting that they have been cleansed from their past sins.

The Greek word (epignosis) is often translated as “knowledge” or “full knowledge.” It is derived from two root words: “epi,” meaning “upon” or “over,” and “gnosis,” which means “knowledge.” Therefore, “epignosis” can be understood as “full knowledge” or “precise knowledge“. This term implies not just a superficial understanding but a deep, thorough comprehension of a subject. It goes beyond mere intellectual knowledge to indicate a relational aspect, suggesting that one knows something fully and engages with it in a meaningful way.

In the New Testament, “epignosis” is used to denote an experiential, relational, and transforming knowledge. It is more than data acquisition; it embraces recognition, acknowledgment, and personal appropriation of truth revealed by God. This concept is further illustrated in several passages:

• Colossians 1:9: “For this reason, we also, since the day we heard it, do not cease to pray for you, and to ask that you may be filled with the knowledge (epignosis) of His will in all wisdom and spiritual understanding.” Here, knowledge of God’s will is seen as crucial for spiritual growth.
• Ephesians 1:17-18: Paul prays that “the God of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of glory, may give to you the spirit of wisdom and revelation in the knowledge (epignosis) of Him.” This highlights that spiritual insight and understanding are gifts.

“The function of wisdom is to discriminate between good and evil.” ~ Marcus Tullius Cicero

Marcus Tullius Cicero (106–43 BC) was a renowned Roman statesman, lawyer, scholar, philosopher, and orator. He was celebrated as one of Rome’s greatest writers. Cicero’s contributions have profoundly influenced Western philosophy and literature. He believed that wisdom was more than just accumulating knowledge; it was about possessing moral clarity. For Cicero, true wisdom lies in the ability to discern right from wrong and to act upon that understanding.

Contemplations

• How can you ensure you are continually advancing in your faith and not just relying on the “milk” of elementary teachings?
  • Idea to Explore: Reflect on the metaphor of infants needing milk versus mature believers requiring solid food. How significant is spiritual growth and maturity, and how can you actively seek more profound understanding and application of God’s Word in your daily life?
• What role does discernment play in living a righteous life according to Christian principles?
  • Idea to Explore: Consider the significance of discernment in distinguishing good from evil and making wise choices. How does a deep understanding of God’s Word guide believers in aligning their thoughts, words, and actions with His will, and what impact does this have on one’s spiritual maturity and ability to influence others positively?

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  NIV New International Version Translations

Work is viewed as good in the eyes of God because it enables individuals to support their families, cultivate a strong work ethic, serve others, and fulfill their spiritual purpose. It also aligns with the values of diligence, humility, and service. At the same time, the Bible mentions taking care of widows and orphans many times, often using the term “fatherless” for orphans. James 1:27 is a central New Testament verse on the topic, stating: “Religion that God our Father accepts as pure and faultless is this: to look after orphans and widows in their distress and to keep oneself from being polluted by the world.”

The Old Testament Law contains numerous commands to protect and provide for these vulnerable groups. For example, Exodus 22:22 warns, “Do not take advantage of the widow or the fatherless.” A few other verses can be found in Deuteronomy 10:18, Psalm 68:5, Isaiah 1:17, and 1 Timothy 5:3-16.  There is a consistent and recurring theme throughout the Bible, emphasizing that caring for the most vulnerable members of society, particularly widows and orphans, is a core expression of faith and a reflection of God’s character.

Our nation has just placed work requirements on welfare. One question we might ask is whether that requirement is consistent with God’s commands to help those in need. Let’s seek to find clarity in God’s Word.

(1 John 3:17-18)¹NIV New International Version Translations “If anyone has material possessions and sees a brother or sister in need but has no pity on them, how can the love of God be in that person? Dear children, let us not love with words or speech but with actions and in truth.”

The Apostle John emphasizes the importance of love and support within the Christian community, which also extends to family support. Notice that there is a proviso, “those who have are to support those who do not.” The Apostle Paul adds additional requirements by emphasizing the importance of one’s family. In 1 Timothy 5:8, he states, “Anyone who does not provide for their relatives, and especially for their own household, has denied the faith and is worse than an unbeliever.” These verses highlight the importance of distinguishing between those who cannot and have not from those who can do for themselves. That is the specific goal of work requirements. So the question we should be asking is, does God give humanity “work requirements?”

Origin of Work

The prevailing notion that work is a curse—a punishment for humanity’s fall from grace—is a profound misunderstanding of its true origin. The evidence, found in the very first book of the Bible, tells a different story. Work is not a punishment; it is a divine institution, a foundational part of God’s original, good creation.

The narrative of Genesis begins with God as the ultimate worker. He is not a passive creator but an active one, meticulously crafting the cosmos and, at the end of each stage, evaluating His labor and declaring it “good.” The text even states in Genesis 2:2-3 that on the seventh day, God rested from all His work, a detail that proves labor was a fundamental and positive aspect of His nature long before humanity’s first sin. This original, purposeful work, rooted in the character of God Himself, is the proper context for all human labor.

In Genesis 1:28, after creating humanity in His image, God gives them a command to “Be fruitful and increase in number; fill the earth and subdue it.” This is often referred to as the “cultural mandate.” It’s a call to engage with the world, to be productive, and to develop the potential of creation. This mandate is further detailed in Genesis 2:15, where the Lord God “took the man and put him in the Garden of Eden to work it and take care of it.” Following the fall of humanity (Genesis 3), the nature of work underwent a profound transformation. It doesn’t disappear, but it becomes more difficult and toilsome. God tells Adam, “Cursed is the ground because of you; through painful toil you will eat food from it all the days of your life” (Genesis 3:17). Work now involves “the sweat of your brow” (Genesis 3:19). Work’s origin, therefore, was divinely instituted and an inherently good part of human life, given to us by a God who is Himself a worker, a Creator. The fall into sin made work difficult, but it did not erase its original purpose or dignity.

What are the New Work Requirements

In July 2025, Congress passed a major budget reconciliation bill that significantly altered work requirements for both Medicaid and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). This bill introduced new, mandatory federal work requirements that did not previously exist on a federal level. A quick summary of those requirements is:

Expanded Age Range: States are now required to condition Medicaid eligibility for most adults aged 19-64 on meeting work requirements.

New Work Definition: To qualify, individuals must work or participate in qualifying activities for a minimum of 80 hours per month. Qualifying activities include:

• Working for pay.
• Community service or volunteer work.
• Enrolling in an educational program at least half-time.
• Any combination of the above, totalling 80 hours per month.

There are New Exemptions: While the requirements are broad, the bill mandates that states exempt certain groups, including parents of dependent children, people who are medically frail, and pregnant women.

The Old Testament Work Requirements

(Deuteronomy 24:19-22) – “When you are harvesting in your field and you overlook a sheaf, do not go back to get it. Leave it for the foreigner, the fatherless and the widow, so that the Lord your God may bless you in all the work of your hands. When you beat the olives from your trees, do not go over the branches a second time. Leave what remains for the foreigner, the fatherless and the widow. When you harvest the grapes in your vineyard, do not go over the vines again. Leave what remains for the foreigner, the fatherless and the widow. Remember that you were slaves in Egypt. That is why I command you to do this.”

The Bible, particularly in books like Leviticus 19:9-10 and Deuteronomy, commanded landowners to leave the edges of their fields unharvested and not to pick up crops that had fallen to the ground. This was a form of social welfare that allowed the poor, widows, orphans, and foreigners to gather food for themselves and their families. This practice was not seen as a handout, but rather as a means for the needy to earn their sustenance through their labor, thereby maintaining their dignity. Notice that even those who were not citizens of the land had to work for their subsistence.

New Testament Examples

(Mark 6:3) – “Isn’t this the carpenter? Isn’t this Mary’s son and the brother of James, Joseph, Judas, and Simon? Aren’t his sisters here with us?’ And they took offense at him.”

The life of Jesus Christ, particularly his background as a carpenter, provides a profound foundational statement for the necessity of human work. Far from being an incidental detail, Jesus’ engagement in a skilled trade before his public ministry underscores a timeless truth: productive labor is an inherent and dignified aspect of the human condition, essential for individual well-being and societal flourishing. His humble origins as a working-class individual, not born into privilege, immediately connect him to most of humanity. This lived experience demonstrates that Jesus’s message and ministry are not exclusive to any elite but are universally accessible, reinforcing the idea that work is a shared human experience regardless of social standing.

Furthermore, carpentry itself—a craft demanding patience, precision, and diligent effort—highlights the intrinsic value of hard work and excellence. Jesus’ example calls us to dedicate ourselves to our tasks, performing them with care and skill. This is not merely a suggestion for personal improvement, but a powerful testament to the universal imperative for all who can contribute meaningfully through their labor. It is this very principle—the inherent dignity of work exemplified by Christ himself—that forms the bedrock of a conviction to institute a work requirement for those capable, fostering a society where contribution is valued and idleness is not the norm.

The Apostle Paul on Work

(Acts 18:3) – “and because he was a tentmaker as they were, he stayed and worked with them.”

Paul worked as a tentmaker to support himself financially while preaching the gospel. This allowed him to be self-sufficient and not be a burden to the communities he was ministering to. Both Paul and Jesus would have been involved in creating and repairing objects. This can be seen as a metaphor for his spiritual mission of creating new life and restoring broken relationships between humanity and God. The Gospel shapes and restores lives.

(2 Thessalonians 3:10) – “For even when we were with you, we gave you this rule: ‘The one who is unwilling to work shall not eat.”’

Paul’s instruction was directed at specific members of the Thessalonian church who were living idle lives, refusing to work, and becoming a burden on the rest of the community. He was making a distinction between those who were genuinely unable to work (due to sickness, disability, etc.) and those who were able-bodied but simply unwilling to work. The purpose of this teaching was not to be cruel, but to encourage diligence and to prevent the community’s resources from being exploited.

Sage Advice from Proverbs

(Proverbs 10:4-5) – “Lazy hands make for poverty, but diligent hands bring wealth. He who gathers crops in summer is a prudent son, but he who sleeps during harvest is a disgraceful son.”

(Proverbs 12:24) – “Diligent hands will rule, but laziness ends in forced labor.”

(Proverbs 13:4) – “A sluggard’s appetite is never filled, but the desires of the diligent are fully satisfied.”

Conclusion

The role of a nation’s leaders must be to guide the nation’s people in God’s cultural mandate! The struggle and frustration at work should serve as a constant reminder of our fallen state. The existence of thorns and thistles in a once-perfect garden symbolizes the resistance and futility that now accompany human effort. The book of Revelation describes a “new heaven and new earth,” where the work of believers will have lasting value. The skills and cultural advancements developed by humanity will be brought into the new creation, demonstrating that God’s original purpose for work—to steward and create the earth for His glory—will ultimately be fulfilled.

Contemplations

• During the time of Jesus, a widow’s life was marked by numerous hardships. They had no rights, no income, and were subject to extreme poverty. How has this changed in today’s society? How is it the same?
  • Ideas to Explore: How should society help those who are alone in our communities and families today? What special needs might they have?
• There are estimates of up to half a million children brought in across our borders, unaccompanied, without a parent or family member, in recent years. Are these today’s orphans? How should we address their needs?
  • Ideas to Explore: Who let them in without oversight? How do we find them? How do we honor God by helping them?

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What is wisdom? The Heritage Dictionary defines wisdom as “The ability to discern or judge what is true, right, or lasting; insight; common sense; good judgment; the sum of learning through the ages; knowledge.” The Book of Proverbs offers a long history of the world’s wisdom, compiled and written over many centuries. It is a “collection of collections” that was created by many people. We assign the primary authorship to King Solomon (970-931 BC). Some scholars have noted similarities between certain proverbs (especially in Proverbs 22:1-24) and ancient Near Eastern wisdom literature, a genre found in the Egyptian “Instruction of Amenemope.” This suggests that wisdom was shared across cultures, and God may have inspired Solomon to incorporate universally applicable truths in his writings.

Unlike the overarching narrative of the Bible, which essentially presents the divine will of God through commandments and laws, the Book of Proverbs offers a profound counterpoint: practical wisdom for living. It’s a collection of sage advice, not a compendium of divine decrees. Its purpose is to lighten life’s load, offering insights that navigate the complexities of human experience. To truly grasp the essence of Proverbs is to unburden yourself from the cumulative weight of countless small struggles, transforming the “weight of tens of thousands of feathers” into a manageable, even graceful, path.

Proverbs 25:1 states that the following proverbs (chapters 25-29) were “copied by the men of Hezekiah, king of Judah.” This indicates a compilation and editing effort during the reign of King Hezekiah, approximately two centuries after the time of Solomon. This period was a time of religious revival and renewed interest in Israel’s relationship with God. There are other authors, too. Chapters 30 and 31 are attributed to specific individuals: Agur, son of Jakeh (Proverbs 30:1), and King Lemuel (Proverbs 31:1). The identities of these individuals are largely unknown, although some scholars have speculated that “Lemuel” might be a symbolic name for Solomon himself.

The Book of Proverbs, therefore, isn’t a single, unified creation, but rather a centuries-old collection of Israel’s wisdom traditions. Many of its sayings likely originated as oral wisdom before being recorded in writing. As a key example of biblical wisdom literature, Proverbs offers practical guidance for living a righteous and prosperous life. Its central message is clear: true wisdom and knowledge begin with “the fear of the Lord” (Proverbs 1:7; 9:10)¹NIV New International Version Translations, meaning that reverence and obedience to God are the foundation of all understanding.

The proverbs encompass a wide range of topics, including personal conduct, family relationships, work ethics, wealth and poverty, speech, anger, and justice. They often present sharp contrasts between the wise and the foolish, the righteous and the wicked. In the early chapters (especially Proverbs 8), wisdom is personified as a female figure, calling out to humanity and offering guidance. Proverbs isn’t some dusty academic text; it’s a battle-tested guide to life, born from the raw experiences of those who’ve truly been “in the trenches.” This isn’t theoretical knowledge; it’s the hard-won wisdom of individuals who faced unforeseen challenges head-on and, through trial and error, discovered what really works and what utterly fails in the real world.

This profound, practical insight transcends anything you can glean from books or formal education. One of its most potent benefits is the opportunity it offers to learn from the mistakes of others. Proverbs equip you to identify hidden pitfalls you might not even recognize, saving you invaluable time, effort, and resources by helping you sidestep the common errors that derail so many of us. Seeking advice from the experienced is about tapping into a valuable reservoir of accumulated wisdom, preventing unnecessary setbacks, and fast-tracking your faith walk.

Committing to spending time in the Book of Proverbs isn’t just reading; it’s a deliberate act of humbly seeking wisdom that transcends time and individual experience. Think about it: why learn every hard lesson through your trials?

The Book of Proverbs offers an unparalleled opportunity to tap into the accumulated experiences of countless others who’ve navigated life’s complexities. You’ll gain insights from their triumphs and mistakes, accelerating your learning far beyond what you could achieve by figuring everything out on your own. This isn’t just about avoiding common pitfalls; it’s about equipping yourself to make consistently better choices from the outset.

By immersing yourself in these ancient teachings, you’re not just receiving advice; you’re exposing yourself to a diverse range of perspectives that will challenge your assumptions and profoundly broaden your understanding of the world and its complex issues. It’s wisdom on demand, designed to empower you.

Are you seeking something more enduring than today’s fleeting trends? Do you yearn for insights that endure, providing clarity and guidance in a complex world? Then step into the Wisdom section of Lostpine.com. Here, we’ve created a collection of enduring knowledge, not just information. This isn’t about quick fixes or surface-level tips; it’s about delving into the depths of human understanding, drawing from philosophy, history, and the perennial questions that have shaped our existence. Prepare to:

• Discover perspectives that will broaden your mind and challenge your assumptions.
• Find guidance for navigating life’s complexities with greater clarity and purpose.
• Connect with ideas that have illuminated the path for thinkers throughout the ages.
• This is your invitation to explore the rich tapestry of human wisdom. Your journey to deeper understanding begins now.

Visit Wisdom – Lostpine and unlock insights that will resonate long after you leave.

Contemplations

• In a world overflowing with information and conflicting advice, how do you discern what is truly wise and beneficial for your life, and what is merely fleeting or even harmful?
  • Ideas to Explore: Consider how much time and energy you currently invest in seeking advice from transient sources (e.g., social media trends, popular self-help gurus, unverified online articles). Compare this with the potential long-term, foundational wisdom offered by a text that has guided individuals for thousands of years, remaining relevant despite shifts in culture and technology.
• Suppose you had access to a foundational guide for navigating practical decisions, building strong relationships, achieving personal discipline, and understanding the nature of success and failure. Would you prioritize engaging with it?
  • Ideas to Explore: Reflect on specific areas of your life where you currently feel challenged or desire growth (e.g., managing finances, improving communication, making ethical decisions, or discovering your purpose). Imagine how a systematic framework of time-tested principles could provide clarity and direction in these very areas, potentially saving you from repeated mistakes or missed opportunities.

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Victor David Hanson is a professor emeritus of California State University, a Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution, and a Distinguished Fellow in History at Hillsdale College. On May 10, 2025, he spoke to the graduating class of Hillsdale at their 173rd Commencement Ceremony. It is worth your time to read it. You can find it by clicking here.¹https://singjupost.com/transcript-of-victor-davis-hanson-2025-commencement-address-at-hillsdale-college/ Hanson spoke on American Virtues. He listed three: Honor, Tradition, and Optimism. Lostpine looked at God’s Word to examine the biblical perspectives on these three virtues, identifying them as foundational. We found that honor was aligned with faith, the origin of enduring traditions was God, and the cornerstone of optimism (hope) enabled the future of subsequent generations.

Honor

God addresses the concept of honor clearly in the Scriptures. One of the Ten Commandments highlights the importance of honoring one’s parents. Exodus 20:12 states, “Honor your father and your mother, so that you may live long in the land the Lord your God is giving you.”²NIV New International Version Translations If we cannot honor the generation that gave us life, we risk abandoning our future because we place no value on our own lives.

The Bible frequently emphasizes the importance of honoring God through obedience, worship, and reverence. For example, Proverbs 3:9 instructs, “Honor the Lord with your wealth, with the first fruits of all your crops.” This illustrates that when honor is present, so too are mercy and generosity. A person’s honesty reflects their honor for all of God’s creation.

The New Testament also commands us to honor others above ourselves. Romans 12:10 advises, “Be devoted to one another in love. Honor one another above yourselves.” Here, we see another vital aspect of honor: humility. To honor someone else, one must not regard oneself as superior.

Additionally, God’s Word emphasizes the importance of living honorably. A lack of honor in someone’s life could jeopardize their future in God’s kingdom. 1 Peter 2:17 instructs us to “Show proper respect to everyone, love the family of believers, fear God, honor the emperor.”

These passages highlight the crucial role honor plays in various aspects of life, including family, faith, and community. They are depicted as the foundation of a strong and virtuous character.

Tradition

In the New Testament, Jesus frequently confronted the Pharisees and teachers of the law regarding their traditions. For instance, in Mark 7:8, Jesus states, “You have let go of the commands of God and are holding on to human traditions.” These traditions refer to teachings passed down through generations. However, there is a risk that traditions can degrade into empty formality, rooted in mere ceremonialism and external practices. When traditions serve as a foundation for connection, a guide for ethical living, and a source of comfort and identity, they benefit society. Yet, when they become rigid, exclusive, or conflict with fundamental human rights and progress, their value diminishes and can even become harmful.

What are the traditions of our nation that foster pride, honesty, and hard work? Why are some individuals willing to die for our country? In 2 Thessalonians 2:15, Paul encourages believers to uphold the teachings passed down to them: “So then, brothers and sisters, stand firm and hold fast to the teachings we passed on to you, whether by word of mouth or by letter.”

The family serves as the foundation of tradition—its heartbeat and its guardians. From the very start of life, parents and caregivers transmit more than just customs; they instill language, values, beliefs, and the unwritten rules that shape identity. Through everyday activities—teaching, storytelling, shared meals, and rituals—children absorb the living culture of their community. Family traditions become anchors, grounding each generation in a shared sense of purpose and belonging while opening the door to the wisdom of the past. This is why honoring our history is so essential. Psalm 78:4 states, “We will not hide them from their descendants; we will tell the next generation the praiseworthy deeds of the Lord, his power, and the wonders he has done.”

As our society evolved, schools—from primary to higher education—became crucial for systematically transmitting cultural knowledge, values, and skills. The creation of values occurs through formal curriculum (e.g., history, literature, civics) and a “hidden curriculum” that teaches societal norms, discipline, respect, and social control. Teachers act as formal transmitters of culture, conveying shared knowledge and values to their students. Understanding the “hidden curriculum” is paramount!

Today, mass media and technology significantly impact cultural transmission. Television, movies, music, the Internet, and social media disseminate cultural values, trends, and information, often influencing what is deemed acceptable or desirable in society. While they can convey traditional elements, they can also contribute to the evolution and sometimes dilution of traditions.

Victor Davis Hanson noted that 173 years of tradition at Hillsdale College still produce outstanding graduates. One reason for this success is that Hillsdale works to conserve religious culture and, through the selection of instructors, teaches the essentials of the Christian faith. The college takes God seriously and fosters an earnest and vibrant spiritual life on campus.

Optimism

Biblical optimism is primarily rooted in hope in God’s character and His sovereign plan. This distinction sets it apart from worldly optimism, which may rely on wishful thinking, karma, or the denial of problems.

While the Bible does not provide a direct, single-sentence definition of “optimism” as a dictionary might, it presents a concept that is deeply anchored in hope and trust in God, rather than a mere positive outlook based on circumstances or human abilities. Romans 15:13 states, “May the God of hope fill you with all joy and peace as you trust in him, so that you may overflow with hope by the power of the Holy Spirit.” This verse connects hope, joy, peace, and trust to God. Biblical optimism is not about ignoring hardships or pretending problems do not exist. Instead, it offers a positive outlook even during suffering because it looks beyond earthly events to God’s ultimate plan and eternal promises.

There is also a significant link between success and optimism. The tendency to expect positive outcomes can significantly influence one’s success in life. Optimistic individuals often adopt a positive mindset, enabling them to approach challenges with confidence and resilience. This positive attitude can enhance problem-solving and decision-making skills.

Optimism serves as fuel for motivation and persistence. When faced with obstacles, optimistic people are more likely to persevere and continue working toward their goals rather than giving up. Romans 8:28 reinforces this idea: “And we know that in all things God works for the good of those who love him, who have been called according to his purpose.” This verse emphasizes that even in difficult circumstances, believers can maintain an optimistic outlook because God is working for their ultimate good. This kind of optimism rests on the assurance that God is faithful to His promises and will never abandon His people.

Conclusion

Jeremiah 29:11) – “For I know the plans I have for you,’ declares the Lord, ‘plans to prosper you and not to harm you, plans to give you hope and a future.'”

What message should we pass on to the next generation? Consider this profound truth: In Deuteronomy 6:6-7, God reveals the key to a meaningful life: “These commandments that I give you today are to be on your hearts. Impress them on your children. Talk about them when you sit at home and when you walk along the road, when you lie down and when you get up.” By honoring God and embracing His teachings, we equip our children with a strong foundation to face the world. When we instill in them a vibrant faith and encourage them to step boldly into the future, they are guided by His light and inspired by His love.

Contemplations

• How can we effectively integrate the teachings of faith into the everyday conversations and routines of family life?
  • Items to Explore: Consider creating a family devotional time or a gratitude journal where family members can share their thoughts and experiences related to their faith. This could help make the commandments more relevant and personal to daily living. Use public situations to demonstrate to children how your stated values are lived out in real time.
• In what ways can we model a life of faith and positive outlook, even during challenging times, to inspire the next generation?
  • Items to Explore: Reflect on personal stories or testimonials from your life that demonstrate resilience and faith in difficult situations. These narratives can serve as powerful teaching moments for younger family members, showing them the importance of trusting in God amid adversity. Can you think of a few examples where you have given your children or other children your testimony of faith?

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There’s a significant distinction between atonement and forgiveness, even though they are often discussed together. They’re both about God’s plan to bring us back to Him, but they work in different ways. Think of it this way: God sincerely wants to be close to His people again, to mend the broken relationship between Heaven and Earth. Atoning sacrifices were a way to show His grace, not to punish His people. Atoning sacrifices created a path for that relationship to be healed.

(Leviticus 17:11)¹NIV New International Version Translations – “For the life of a creature is in the blood, and I have given it to you to make atonement for yourselves on the altar; it is the blood that makes atonement for one’s life.”

Understanding the laws of Israel’s sacrificial system can be challenging, but they’re a crucial part of the Bible’s narrative about humanity’s relationship with God. God explains that life is in the blood, and He gave blood to His people so they could make atonement for themselves on the altar. It is blood that makes atonement for one’s life. This system wasn’t about earning God’s favor; instead, atonement was a gift from God to humanity. Ultimately, the sacrificial system shows God’s grace.

Atonement (Hebrew: kippur – “to cover, to purge, to cleanse”; Greek: hilasmos – “propitiation, expiation”) is the act by which a wrong is rectified, a penalty is paid, or a breach is mended. Our Bible uses the concept of atonement to address the root cause of the separation between God and humanity (sin). It’s the process by which reconciliation is made possible.

The concept of atonement may seem complex, but it’s a fundamental idea that explains how people can have a relationship with God. In the Old Testament, God set up a detailed system of animal sacrifices. When people sinned, an animal was sacrificed to “cover” those sins. This was especially important on a special day called Yom Kippur, also known as the Day of Atonement. These sacrifices didn’t permanently atone for sins, but they allowed God to dwell among His people, even though they weren’t perfect. These animal sacrifices were a foreshadowing – a preview of something much bigger to come.

Jesus: The Ultimate Atonement

The New Testament reveals that the ultimate act of atonement is made possible through Jesus Christ. Christians believe that Jesus’s death on the cross was the perfect and final sacrifice. His death paid the penalty for all human sin. It’s as if Jesus took all the dire consequences of our wrongdoing upon Himself. This act satisfies God’s perfect justice regarding sin, meaning that the debt of sin is fully paid.

Atonement matters because sin creates a barrier between God and humanity. It’s an objective reality that keeps us from truly connecting with a holy God. Jesus’ death broke down this barrier. It doesn’t just make forgiveness possible; it’s the very foundation upon which God offers forgiveness to everyone.

Therefore, atonement is about God. Because of His love for us, He made a way for us to be reconciled with Him by dealing with the problem of sin once and for all through His Son, Jesus. Atonement deals with the objective reality of sin and the barrier between God and humanity. It makes forgiveness possible by addressing the legal and moral implications of sin. It’s the foundation upon which forgiveness is offered.

Forgiveness

Forgiveness (Hebrew: nasa – “to lift, to carry away”; Greek: aphesis – “release, dismissal”) is the act of pardoning an offense, releasing the offender from the penalty or consequences that would otherwise be due. It’s the decision to no longer hold a wrong against someone. God’s forgiveness is a divine declaration, erasing our sins and restoring us to Himself; human forgiveness, a profound act of grace, liberates us from the chains of bitterness and the desire for revenge, mirroring God’s boundless compassion.

God’s forgiveness is possible because of what Jesus did on the cross. Think of it this way: Jesus paid the price for all our wrongdoings through his sacrifice. Because that “payment” has been made, God can fairly and rightly forgive anyone who chooses to turn away from their sins (repent) and trust in Jesus (believe). Repentance and acceptance are requirements for Salvation.

Why Understanding Atonement and Forgiveness is Essential

It is essential to grasp the profound truth at the heart of our faith: the remarkable balance between God’s perfect justice and boundless mercy. Atonement reveals that sin is never trivial; it carries a real cost. God, in His absolute righteousness, cannot simply overlook it. Yet, in an astonishing display of grace, He provides the way for that cost to be met, offering us a complete pardon.

Without the atonement—specifically, Christ’s ultimate sacrifice—the forgiveness we know as Christians wouldn’t be possible. It’s not that God couldn’t forgive; rather, His holy nature and perfect justice demand a just satisfaction for sin. And that’s precisely what Jesus’s death accomplished. His sacrifice on the cross is the divine intersection where both justice and mercy are fully upheld, and mercy is freely poured out.

This understanding has immense implications, not just for our relationship with God, but also for our human connections. While atonement is entirely God’s work through Christ, receiving forgiveness requires our response: repentance and faith. Sin cannot be overlooked! Neither can we atone for our sins; instead, we humbly seek and gratefully receive forgiveness, knowing it’s grounded in Christ’s perfect work.

This truth empowers us in our own lives. Because God has so magnificently forgiven us through Christ’s atonement, we are equipped to extend that same grace to others. We can release grudges, let go of bitterness, and truly forgive, knowing that the ultimate payment for all sin has already been made.

In essence, atonement is the foundational work accomplished by Christ that makes reconciliation with God possible. It addresses the problem of sin at its root in an objective manner. Forgiveness, then, is the glorious result and personal application of that work. It’s where the barrier of sin is removed, personal guilt is lifted, and our fellowship with God is beautifully restored for those who respond in faith and repentance. Atonement explains why and how forgiveness can happen; forgiveness is the actual act of being pardoned.

Contemplations

• Suppose God’s perfect justice demands a satisfaction for sin, and Jesus’s death is that satisfaction. Does this imply that without Jesus, God’s justice would inherently prevent Him from showing mercy and forgiving anyone?
  • Idea to explore: Consider scenarios where God’s mercy is depicted in the Old Testament before Christ’s sacrifice. How do those instances reconcile with the idea that Christ’s death was essential for justice to be met and forgiveness to be extended? Does it change our understanding of God’s character?
• The text states, “We can never atone for our sins; instead, we humbly seek and gratefully receive forgiveness.” If we are utterly incapable of contributing to our own atonement, does this diminish human responsibility in the ongoing struggle against sin, or does it heighten our dependence on divine grace in a way that can be both liberating and challenging?
  • Idea to explore: What are the eternal implications of “not being able to atone for sins” and the biblical calls for personal holiness, striving against sin, and perseverance? If all the “work” is done by God, what then is the ongoing, active role of the believer in their salvation and sanctification?

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What does the value of life mean to you? In a world that often measures worth by success, productivity, or possessions, can peace be found by first looking inward and understanding that our lives hold value simply because we exist?

God created life! He modeled humanity’s attributes after Himself. But God gave us choices:

1. Deuteronomy 30:19: “This day I call the heavens and the earth as witnesses against you that I have set before you life and death, blessings and curses. Now choose life, so that you and your children may live.”¹NIV New International Version TranslationsYou might call this verse the birth of “Free Will.”
2. Joshua 24:15: “But if serving the Lord seems undesirable to you, then choose for yourselves this day whom you will serve, whether the gods your ancestors served beyond the Euphrates, or the gods of the Amorites, in whose land you are living. But as for me and my household, we will serve the Lord.” Joshua reminds us that the choice for God begins in our own hearts.
3. Proverbs 16:9: “In their hearts humans plan their course, but the Lord establishes their steps.”  King David reminds us that our choices are meaningless if they are not in concert with God’s Will for our lives.
4. Galatians 5:13: “You, my brothers and sisters, were called to be free. But do not use your freedom to indulge the flesh; rather, serve one another humbly in love.” The Apostle Paul, however, reminds us that with choices will come accountability.
5. Revelation 3:20: “Here I am! I stand at the door and knock. If anyone hears my voice and opens the door, I will come in and eat with that person, and they with me.” Most importantly, as the Word of God closes on history, we are reminded that all must first choose Jesus Christ to spend eternity with God.

Life itself is characterized by several unique attributes that distinguish living organisms from inert, non-living things.

1. Growth and Development: Living organisms grow and develop according to specific genetic instructions. For example, a seed grows into a plant, and a fertilized egg develops into a complex organism—the complexity of DNA points to purpose and design. DNA points to a Creator!
2. Reproduction: Living organisms can reproduce to produce new individuals of the same species. Find one rock, you have one rock!
3. Metabolism: Life, living things, involves complex biochemical processes that convert energy from the environment into forms that can be used for growth, repair, and maintenance. In essence, living things are self-sustaining. Amazing what the “Breath of God” did at the moment of creation!
4. Homeostasis: Living organisms were created to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment. For example, humans regulate their body temperature through the processes of sweating and shivering. This should serve as good news: Humans can change. If we can recognize the “threats” to our self-preservation, God created humans to choose. Free will does not mean we are sentenced to a hopeless existence without peace. Good choices can provide us a path to safety and to God!
5. Responsiveness: While all living organisms can respond to environmental stimuli, humans can react through a process of decision-making. Humans can change their environment, and humans can alter the course of consequences. If one’s heart is filled with hatred, the hatred can be replaced with the love of our Savior!

Over time, living organisms evolve and adapt to their environment through natural selection, leading to the development of traits that enhance survival and reproduction. However, from God’s perspective, humans are not merely the results of evolutionary experiments. Everyone has been created with inherent value and a profound need for purpose in life. Depriving any human of these essential needs contradicts God’s Will. Through reason, common sense, and revelation (Holy Spirit), a person can recognize that God exists and learn His Will for them.

A journey toward peace begins with using God’s Word as a source of learning. God, our Creator, made you in His image, reflecting His attributes. Your free will impacts the value you place on every other human being. In God’s eyes, every human has inherent worth, regardless of external factors such as social, cultural, or economic circumstances. Even the most intense hatred does not change God’s opinion. When we decide, because of disagreement, that another person has no value, we invite war, famine, crime, abortion, and murder, to name a few. These are the consequences of devaluing life, and they rob us of peace and the hope of eternal life.

The strongest Gospel is one told without words!

The phrase “God darkened their hearts and turned them over to their lusts” comes from the writings of the Apostle Paul in the New Testament, specifically in the book of Romans. In Romans 1:24-28, Paul discusses how humanity, despite knowing God, chose to reject Him and follow their own desires. As a result, God allowed them to follow their own sinful inclinations, leading to moral and spiritual degradation. Paul’s message here is that when people persistently reject God and choose to follow their own sinful desires, God allows them to experience the consequences of their choices. This “darkening of hearts” and being “turned over to their lusts” signifies a withdrawal of God’s restraining grace, leading to a deeper entrenchment in sin and its destructive outcomes that follow.

Paul emphasizes the impact of free will and the consequences of turning away from God. It serves as a warning about the dangers of rejecting divine guidance and the moral decay that can follow. We have removed God from our schools and society. How is our pursuit of peace coming? Therefore, understanding God, learning His Will for us, and using His Word as a historical cornerstone are crucial for achieving true peace. Let us remember that our differences in opinion should never lead to hate. Instead, let us value each life as God does and strive for peace through love and understanding.

(Isaiah 41:10-13) – “So do not fear, for I am with you; do not be dismayed, for I am your God. I will strengthen you and help you; I will uphold you with my righteous right hand.  All who rage against you will surely be ashamed and disgraced; those who oppose you will be as nothing and perish. Though you search for your enemies, you will not find them. Those who wage war against you will be as nothing at all. For I am the Lord your God who takes hold of your right hand and says to you, Do not fear; I will help you.

Contemplations

• How does recognizing the inherent value of every human life contribute to peace? 
  • Ideas to Explore: Biblical Perspective: Examine scriptures that emphasize the sanctity of life, such as Genesis 1:27, which states that humans are made in the image of God. Moral Implications: What are the ethical responsibilities to treat others with dignity and respect, regardless of differences? Look at historical figures or movements that have championed the value of human life and the impact they had on promoting peace.
• How does our free will influence the way we value and treat others?
  • Ideas to Explore: Passages such as Deuteronomy 30:19 and Galatians 5:13 highlight the importance of choice in our actions and attitudes. What are the potential positive and negative outcomes of our options, using real-life examples? Reflect on your own decisions and how they align with the principle of valuing life.
• How can disagreements and hatred lead to societal issues like war, crime, and lack of peace?
  • Ideas to Explore: Study passages like Romans 1:24-28 that warn about the consequences of rejecting God’s guidance and giving in to sinful desires. What other examples of conflicts can you think of that all started from devaluing human life and the resulting societal issues? What are strategies for resolving disagreements peacefully, and what is the role of empathy and understanding in preventing hatred?

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(1 Peter 1)¹NIV New International Version Translations – “Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ, To God’s elect, exiles scattered throughout the provinces of Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia and Bithynia, who have been chosen according to the foreknowledge of God the Father, through the sanctifying work of the Spirit, to be obedient to Jesus Christ and sprinkled with his blood: Grace and peace be yours in abundance.Praise be to the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ! In his great mercy he has given us new birth into a living hope through the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead, and into an inheritance that can never perish, spoil or fade. This inheritance is kept in heaven for you, who through faith are shielded by God’s power until the coming of the salvation that is ready to be revealed in the last time. In all this you greatly rejoice, though now for a little while you may have had to suffer grief in all kinds of trials. These have come so that the proven genuineness of your faith—of greater worth than gold, which perishes even though refined by fire—may result in praise, glory and honor when Jesus Christ is revealed. Though you have not seen him, you love him; and even though you do not see him now, you believe in him and are filled with an inexpressible and glorious joy, for you are receiving the end result of your faith, the salvation of your souls.

The New Testament was written with a specific purpose: to offer encouragement and guidance to early Christians who faced persecution. Questions remained about Jesus, his life, his death, and his resurrection. This was the Christian world when Peter wrote his letter.

The letter, also known as the Epistle of First Peter, explicitly identifies its author as “Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ” (1 Peter 1:1). Some scholars have questioned the authorship due to the sophisticated Greek style of the letter, which they argue might be too refined for a simple Galilean fisherman. They propose that Peter may have used a scribe, such as Silvanus mentioned in 1 Peter 5:12, who would have helped compose the letter in his name or polished its Greek. Others argue that Peter, as an influential leader, could have acquired sufficient Greek proficiency over decades of ministry.

Peter’s first letter, likely penned between A.D. 62 and 64 during Emperor Nero’s reign, carries profound significance. When Peter mentions writing from “Babylon” (1 Peter 5:13), he is widely understood to be symbolically referring to Rome. This context is crucial because the letter emerged just before Nero unleashed his brutal campaign against Christians. Nearly three decades had passed since the crucifixion of Jesus and the birth of the Church, a time of growing faith and turmoil. Within just a few years, between A.D. 64 and 68, Nero would decree Peter’s crucifixion. Yet, in a powerful display of humility and devotion, Peter, feeling unworthy to die as Christ did, requested to be hanged upside down—a testament to his unwavering faith and sacrifice.

Peter addressed his letter to “elect resident aliens“—Christians scattered across Roman provinces in Asia Minor, including Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia (1 Peter 1:1). It’s clear Peter was writing primarily to Gentile Christians (1 Peter 1:18; 4:3). By using Old Testament descriptions for the church, like “royal priesthood” and “holy nation,” Peter was emphasizing that these Gentile believers were now considered God’s new chosen people.

The Apostle Peter’s letter was intended to convey a powerful message of hope and perseverance to early Christians. They were undergoing difficult times because they had placed their identity and conduct in the person and work of Jesus Christ. In this letter is a Greek word, used only once in our Bible. It is the Greek word “aneklalētos” (1 Peter 1:8). The word Peter used describes something called inexpressible, glorious joy. He is writing to believers who are undergoing trials and persecution, yet he says they “rejoice with joy inexpressible and full of glory“. “Aneklalētos” emphasizes that the joy they experience is so profound and overwhelming that it defies human language to express it adequately. It’s a joy that transcends words, a joy that comes from their love for Christ and their belief in Him, even though they haven’t seen Him.

How is it that we can love someone we have never met or personally known? The Christian faith directs its love and belief towards someone they haven’t physically encountered. This means that the joy isn’t based on a tangible, sensory experience, but on a spiritual reality and a relationship with the resurrected Christ. How do you fully explain the joy of loving and trusting someone you’ve never seen, yet know profoundly? It transcends a rational human description. How could this be?

The context of 1 Peter is one of persecution and trials. Peter is writing to Christians who are “grieved by various trials” (1 Peter 1:6). Yet, amid this suffering, they can “rejoice with joy that is inexpressible.” This is not a superficial happiness that disappears when difficulties arise. It’s a deep, abiding joy that runs beneath and even through hardship. Such a paradox of joy in suffering is difficult, if not impossible, to articulate fully. It speaks to supernatural strength and peace.

The strength Peter points to is rooted in a glorious future. This inexpressible joy is “filled with glory“. It is directly connected to “obtaining the outcome of your faith, the salvation of your souls” (1 Peter 1:9). Joy is a taste of the ultimate glory and salvation that awaits believers. It’s an anticipation of eternity with God, an inheritance that is “imperishable, undefiled, and unfading, kept in heaven for you” (1 Peter 1:4). How can one fully explain the joy of knowing eternal perfection and complete redemption are guaranteed? The sheer magnitude of this eternal future defies words.

Christian joy is consistently presented in the New Testament as a fruit of the Holy Spirit (Galatians 5:22). It’s not something believers generate on their own through sheer willpower or positive thinking. It’s a supernatural gift, an internal overflow that defies human explanation because its origin is divine, from God Himself. The inexpressible joy is a response to God’s “great mercy” (1 Peter 1:3) and the incredible salvation provided through Jesus Christ. When one truly grasps the depth of God’s love, mercy, and the sacrifice of Christ, the resulting gratitude and adoration are so immense that they cannot be fully articulated. It’s an “awe” that leaves one speechless.

“I believe it all. If I seem not to, it is only that my joy is too great to let my belief settle itself.”  ~ C.S. Lewis, The Last Battle

Conclusion

The “inexpressible joy” of a Christian life is not a joy that can’t be felt or experienced. Still, one that is so profound, so deeply rooted in the spiritual realities of God’s grace, Christ’s redemption, and the hope of eternal glory, that human language falls short in describing its fullness. It’s a joy that must be experienced to be truly understood. Imagine what your first second of heaven will feel like? Can you describe it?

Even though we will face social hostility, slander, and persecution for our faith, Peter assures us that our suffering will not be in vain. Instead, we are encouraged to view it as a gift, an opportunity to demonstrate our faith and the love of Jesus.

The Apostle Peter reminds us of the importance of hope, resilience, and the enduring suffering of Christ, as well as our spiritual inheritance in the resurrection of Jesus. We are called “God’s own people” (1 Peter 2:9) and are called to live holy lives that give no cause for accusation from our non-Christian neighbors. Peter addresses practical aspects of Christian conduct in homes and society, urging us to respond to evil with goodness and to love one another.

Contemplations

• Peter wrote to encourage and guide early Christians facing persecution. How does his message resonate with believers facing different kinds of challenges today?
  • Idea to explore: Compare the forms of “persecution” early Christians faced (e.g., physical harm, social ostracization, legal penalties) with challenges believers might experience today (e.g., social hostility, misrepresentation, cultural pressure). How does Peter’s message of hope and perseverance apply to these varying contexts?
• Scholarly debate questions the authorship of 1 Peter, specifically concerning Peter’s potential use of a scribe like Silvanus due to the sophisticated Greek. How does the question of authorship (whether Peter wrote it directly or with a scribe’s help) impact your understanding or appreciation of the letter’s authority and message?
  • Idea to explore: The historical and cultural practice of using scribes in ancient times. What about the use of Internet search today, or even AI? Does using either a scribe or technology negate the value of the final message?
• Peter addresses his letter to “elect resident aliens” and emphasizes that Gentile believers are now considered “God’s new chosen people.” How does this concept of being “resident aliens” and “God’s own people” influence a Christian’s identity and their relationship with the surrounding culture?
  • Idea to explore: Think about the tension inherent in being “in the world but not of the world.” In what ways can Christians live as “resident aliens” – maintaining a distinct identity and values – while also actively engaging with and loving their “non-Christian neighbors” as encouraged by Peter?
• The study highlights the Greek word “aneklalētos” (inexpressible, glorious joy), which Peter uses to describe the joy of believers even amid trials. How can one cultivate or experience this “inexpressible joy” when facing personal suffering or difficult circumstances, and what role does the Holy Spirit play in fostering such joy?
  • Idea to explore: Reflect on personal experiences or examples from Christian history where individuals demonstrated profound joy amid extreme adversity. Think about the pleasure from the hope of the resurrection, eternal hope, and the indwelling of the Holy Spirit, rather than merely a product of positive thinking.

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The Apostle Paul’s letter to the Romans is often avoided. It opens with his greetings and expresses a strong desire to visit the Roman Christians. As the chapter evolves, Paul quickly makes many people uncomfortable. He addresses the sin of homosexuality. His purpose in visiting was twofold: to share the gospel and to impart spiritual gifts. Paul emphasized his eagerness to preach the gospel in Rome, declaring, “For I am not ashamed of the gospel, because it is the power of God that brings salvation to everyone who believes: first to the Jew, then to the Gentile“¹NIV New International Version Translations (Romans 1:16). We cannot, nor should not ignore any portion of God’s Word.

(2 Timothy 3:16-17) – “All Scripture is God-breathed and is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in righteousness, so that the servant of God may be thoroughly equipped for every good work.”

Humanity’s Unrighteousness and God’s Revelation

Paul swiftly transitions his opening in his letter to a stark explanation of humanity’s unrighteousness. He argues that even those without the Mosaic Law (Gentiles) are without excuse. This is because God’s invisible attributes, including His eternal power and divine nature, have been made visible through what God has created. Despite this clear revelation, humanity has suppressed the truth through unrighteousness, failing to honor God or give Him thanks.

Some find these verses in Romans uncomfortable, especially since contemporary society often shows more leniency toward certain behaviors Paul addresses. However, these passages are presented as divinely inspired words that illuminate a fundamental human failing. Paul states that because people rejected God, God “gave them over” to various forms of depravity. This concept suggests that without acknowledging God, humanity becomes more susceptible to the harmful influences of evil in our world.

Consequences of Rejecting God

Paul points explicitly to idolatry as a primary error, where the glory of the immortal God was exchanged for images resembling mortal humans, birds, animals, and reptiles. Furthermore, Paul explains that God “gave them over” to impure lusts, leading to the dishonoring of their bodies. He also mentions degrading passions, explicitly referring to homosexual acts between both men and women, which he describes as unnatural and incurring a just penalty.

While not solely a study of human sins, this chapter reveals that humanity’s initial error was the failure to acknowledge God. This rejection had significant consequences: God “gave them over to a depraved mind,” resulting in a multitude of unrighteous behaviors.

(Romans 1:18-32) – “The wrath of God is being revealed from heaven against all the godlessness and wickedness of people, who suppress the truth by their wickedness, since what may be known about God is plain to them, because God has made it plain to them. For since the creation of the world God’s invisible qualities—his eternal power and divine nature—have been clearly seen, being understood from what has been made, so that people are without excuse. For although they knew God, they neither glorified him as God nor gave thanks to him, but their thinking became futile and their foolish hearts were darkened. Although they claimed to be wise, they became fools and exchanged the glory of the immortal God for images made to look like a mortal human being and birds and animals and reptiles. Therefore God gave them over in the sinful desires of their hearts to sexual impurity for the degrading of their bodies with one another. They exchanged the truth about God for a lie, and worshiped and served created things rather than the Creator—who is forever praised. Amen. Because of this, God gave them over to shameful lusts. Even their women exchanged natural sexual relations for unnatural ones. In the same way the men also abandoned natural relations with women and were inflamed with lust for one another. Men committed shameful acts with other men, and received in themselves the due penalty for their error. Furthermore, just as they did not think it worthwhile to retain the knowledge of God, so God gave them over to a depraved mind, so that they do what ought not to be done. hey have become filled with every kind of wickedness, evil, greed and depravity. They are full of envy, murder, strife, deceit and malice. They are gossips, slanderers, God-haters, insolent, arrogant and boastful; they invent ways of doing evil; they disobey their parents; they have no understanding, no fidelity, no love, no mercy. Although they know God’s righteous decree that those who do such things deserve death, they not only continue to do these very things but also approve of those who practice them.”

The Apostle Paul’s assertion in Romans 1 regarding the degradation of the human soul into depravity is a cornerstone of Christian theology. Paul goes on to tell us in Romans 5:8, “But God demonstrates his own love for us in this: While we were still sinners, Christ died for us.” Yes, we are “all sinners!” Without Christ, we must fight our depravity ourselves. But with Christ, we have help. Christ’s sacrifice on the cross has reconciled all who believe in Him to our God, a God who loves ALL of us! It’s crucial to understand what Paul means and the progression he outlines. No one is excluded from God’s love.

The Knowledge of God is Innate and Suppressed (Romans 1:18-20)

Paul argues that humanity has a fundamental knowledge of God through creation itself. The intricate design and order of the universe point to a divine Creator. This isn’t just about intellectual understanding, but an intuitive awareness of God’s power and divine nature. Therefore, people are “without excuse” for not acknowledging God. The degradation begins because humanity suppresses this truth in unrighteousness. Humanity has actively rejected or exchanged the clear evidence of God for something else.

The Rejection of God Leads to Idolatry (Romans 1:21-23)

Instead of glorifying God and giving thanks to Him, people’s thinking became “futile,” and their “foolish hearts were darkened.” They claimed to be wise but became fools, exchanging the glory of the immortal God for images that resembled mortal humans, birds, animals, and reptiles. This is idolatry, worshipping the created rather than the Creator.

Let me remind you that this is God’s universe, and He is doing things His way. You may think you have a better way, but you don’t have a universe to rule. ~ J. Vernon McGee

God “Gave Them Over” (Romans 1:24, 26, 28)

This is a key phrase repeated three times, indicating a divine judgment. Because humanity willfully rejected God, God “gave them over” to the natural consequences of their rebellion. This isn’t God actively making people more sinful, but instead withdrawing His restraining grace, allowing their sinful desires to run their course. This “giving over” happens in a downward spiral:

• To impurity and the dishonoring of their bodies (Romans 1:24): The initial rejection of God leads to sexual immorality and a degradation of human bodies.
• To degrading passions (Romans 1:26-27): This refers explicitly to homosexual acts, where natural sexual relations are exchanged for unnatural ones. Paul presents this as a further consequence and manifestation of the rejection of God’s design and truth.
• To a depraved mind (Romans 1:28-32): This is the culmination of the spiral downward. Having abandoned the knowledge of God, their minds become “depraved” or “debased,” meaning people lose the ability to make sound moral judgments. This leads to a long list of vices, including wickedness, evil, greed, envy, murder, strife, deceit, malice, gossip, slander, hatred of God, arrogance, boastfulness, disobedience to parents, senselessness, faithlessness, heartlessness, and ruthlessness. People not only do these things but “approve of those who practice them.”

Why should we believe the Apostle Paul?

Original Sin: While not explicitly detailed in Romans 1, the broader biblical narrative (found in Genesis 3) establishes that humanity inherited a sinful nature from Adam’s fall. This inherited corruption means that human beings are born with a propensity to sin and are alienated from God. Romans 1 describes the outworking of this inherent separation.

Human Autonomy and Rebellion: The core issue is humanity’s desire for autonomy—to be their own god and decide what is right and wrong, rather than submitting to their Creator’s will. This rejection of God’s authority inevitably leads to moral chaos. What is good becomes bad, and what is bad becomes good!

The Nature of God’s Wrath: In this context, God’s wrath is not merely an emotional outburst, but a righteous consequence of humanity’s sin. It’s His just response to their rebellion, allowing them to experience the full destructive power of sin when God’s restraining hand is removed.

Progressive Nature of Sin: Paul demonstrates how sin is not static. Once the initial rejection of God occurs, there’s a progressive slide into deeper and deeper depravity. One sin often leads to another, and the mind becomes increasingly darkened and incapable of recognizing truth or goodness.

Conclusion

In summary, Paul argues that humanity’s degradation is true because:

• We have a precise, innate knowledge of God through creation.
• We deliberately suppress and reject this truth.
• This rejection leads to idolatry (worshipping creation instead of the Creator).
• As a divine judgment, God “gives them over” to the consequences of their choices, allowing us to descend into increasingly perverse behaviors and a morally corrupted mind.

This understanding of human depravity in Romans 1 serves as the crucial backdrop for Paul’s presentation of the Gospel. If humanity is so utterly lost in sin, then salvation must come from God alone through faith in Jesus Christ (as he goes on to explain in later chapters of Romans). As a reminder to everyone, “for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God” (Romans 3:23). The Apostle Matthew 7:1 states, “Do not judge, or you too will be judged.” This is concise and to the point: we are to reflect on our own posture toward others. It’s also the opening line of a larger teaching (Matthew 7:2-5) where Jesus uses the vivid metaphor of the speck and the plank to expose humanity’s hypocrisy.

Contemplations

• The Apostle Paul states that humanity is “without excuse” because God’s invisible attributes are clearly seen through creation.
  • Ideas to Explore: In what ways have you personally observed or experienced this innate knowledge of God, even in individuals who may not profess faith? How does this concept challenge or confirm your understanding of human responsibility before God?
• The text highlights a terrifying progression where God “gave them over” multiple times. What do you understand this phrase to mean, not just as a divine judgment, but as a description of the natural consequences when humanity systematically rejects divine truth?
  • Ideas to Explore: How do we see this “giving over” principle at play in individual lives or broader societal trends today?

• The Apostle Paul addresses behaviors and mindsets that are often viewed differently in contemporary society. How do the truths presented in Romans 1 regarding humanity’s unrighteousness and the consequences of rejecting God challenge or affirm your perspective on current cultural norms and ethical debates?
  • Ideas to Explore: How can we communicate these foundational biblical truths with both conviction and compassion?

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